Butyric Ether

Saponify butter with a strong solution of potash, dissolve the soap in the smallest quantity of alcohol by the aid of heat, add a mixture of alcohol and sulphuric acid till the solution is acid, and distil as long as the product has a fruity odour. Redistil the product from chloride of calcium. It is sold as essence of pineapple.

Camphine

Highly rectified oil of turpentine. English's patent camphine is made by passing the vapour of oil of turpentine through caustic solutions of potash, soda, or lime; or through sulphuric acid.

Artificial Camphor

This is formed by passing hydrochloric acid gas into oil of turpentine.

Camphor Balls

See Skin Cosmetics, after Perfumery.

Candies

These belong rather to the confectioner than to the druggist. The green stalks of angelica, the peels of orange, lemon, and citron, green roots of ginger, etc, are first boiled in water till soft, then in syrup till they are transparent, and dried in a stove, at a heat not exceeding 104° F. Candied horehound is made by boiling lump sugar with a little strong decoction or infusion of dried horehound, till a portion taken out and cooled becomes solid. It is then poured on to a slab, or into paper or tin moulds dusted with powdered sugar.

Lissonde Cantharidine Blister

Melt white wax 45 parts in olive oil 28 parts with a gentle heat, add turpentine 24 parts, camphor 1 part, cantharidine 2 parts; stir, let the mass cool an instant, then pour out or spread on cloths. It raises the epidermis in a few hours.

Canton's Phosphorus

Put calcined oyster shells in layers alternately with sulphur, and heat strongly in a covered crucible for an hour.

Solvents for Caoutchouc

See Solvents.

Gelatinous Capsules

These are used to contain copaiva and other nauseous liquids which do not dissolve gelatine, so that they may be swallowed without inconvenience. They are made by "dipping the bulbous extremity of an iron rod into a concentrated solution of gelatine. Just before the rod is withdrawn, it is to be rotated, in order to diffuse the gelatine equally over the bulb." When sufficiently hardened, they are removed, placed on pins to dry, and when dry, filled with the balsam or oil, and the orifice closed with liquid gelatine. They are usually of an olive form, and contain 10 grs. of balsam in each. See Dr. Pereira's ' Elements,' article Copaiva. M. Giraud recommends the following composition for capsules: Transparent gelatine 12 parts, syrup of gum 2 parts, syrup 2 parts, water 10 parts. Melt it in a warm-bath, remove the scum, and dip the mould, previously oiled, into the compound.

Carbon

See Charcoal.

Carbonic Acid

See Gases.

Carmine

See Pigments.

Case-hardening Powder

This is merely ferroprussiate of potash, dried, and finely powdered. By sprinkling it on iron heated to bright redness, the metal becomes case-hardened, or superficially converted into steel. The iron should be plunged into cold water as soon as the powder has acted on it. The following compound is used for the same purpose: Sal ammoniac 2 oz., burnt bone dust 2 oz., Henwood's composition 1/2 oz. Used as the former.