B.P. Lotiones. Lotions
Description
This section is from the book "A Text-Book Of Pharmacology, Therapeutics And Materia Medica", by T. Lauder Brunton. Also available from Amazon: A text-book of pharmacology, therapeutics and materia medica.
B.P. Lotiones. Lotions
Mixtures of active substances in water for external application.
Lotio Hydrargyri Flava (1 part Perchloride of Mercury to 243 of Lime-water). „ „ Nigra ( „ Subchloride „ 146 „ ).
U.S.P. Massae. Masses.-These simply consist of substances mixed together to a consistence suitable for making pills.
Massa Copaibae.
„ Ferri Carbonatis. „ Hydrargyri.
Mellita. Honeys.- In these preparations honey is used as a vehicle. Oxymel and oxymel scillae of the B.P., which contain acetic acid, may be regarded as belonging to this class.
B.P. (4)
Mel Boracis.
,, Depuratum. Oxymel.
,, Scillae.
U.S.P. (2). Mel Despumatum. ,, Rosae.
Misturae. Mixtures. - These usually consist of insoluble substances simply mixed with water or suspended in it by the aid of gum or other viscid substances. In almond (B.P. and
U.S.P.), chalk (B.P. and U.S.P.), guaiac (B.P.), and compound glycyrrhiza (U.S.P.) mixtures, gum is added. In the ammonia-cum (B.P. and U.S.P.), asafoetida (U.S.P.) and compound iron (B.P. and U.S.P.) mixtures, gum is contained in the ammonia-cum, asafoetida, and myrrh used in their preparation respectively.
In scammony mixture (B.P.) the scammony resin is simply suspended in milk. In egg flip or brandy mixture (mistura spiritus vini gallici) (B.P.) and chloroform mixture (U.S.P.) yolk of egg forms the basis of the mixture.
The magnesia and asafoetida,1 and rhubarb and soda mixtures of the U.S.P. contain insoluble substances mixed with water without the addition of any viscid substance; in the creasote mixture (B.P.) the syrup may be looked upon as viscid and tending to keep the ingredients mixed, but the aromatic iron and compound senna mixtures of the B.P. and the acetate of iron and ammonium (U.S.P.) mixture are simply solutions and not mixtures in the usual sense.
B.P. (10). | Dose. | |
Mistura | Ammoniaci................... | 1/2-1 fl. oz. |
" | Amygdalae................... | 1-2 fl. oz. |
" | C reasoti....................... | " |
" | Cretae............................ | " |
" | Ferri Aromatica............. | " |
" | " Composita............. | " |
" | Guaiaci............................ | " |
" | Scammonii...................... | " |
" | Sennae Composita .......... | " |
" | Spiritus Vini Gallici | " |
U.S.P. (11). | Dose. | |
Mistura | Ammoniaci.................. | 1/2-1 fl. oz. |
" | Amygdalae................... | 1-2 fl. oz. |
" | Asafoetidae................... | 1/2-1 fl. oz. |
" | Chloroformi................... | " |
" | Cretae.............................. | 1-2 fl. oz. |
" | Ferri Composita............... | " |
" | " et Ammonii Acetatis.......................... | 1/2-1 fl. oz. |
" | Glyeyrrhizee Composita................................ | 1/2 oz. |
" | Magnesiae et Asafcetidae................................. | 20 m. |
" | Potassii Citratis...... | 1/2 fl. oz. |
" | Rhei et Sodae................... | 1/2-1 dr. |
Mucilagines. Mucilages. - These are thick solutions, partial or complete, of gum or starch, which are convenient for suspending heavy powders in mixtures.
B.P. (3)
Mucilago Aeaciae. Amyli. „ Tragacanthae.
u.s.p. (5).
Mucilago Acaciae. „ Cydonii. „ Sassafras Medullae. „ Tragacanthae. „ Ulmi.
Olea. Oils.- These are divided into fixed and volatile. The fixed are obtained by simple expression; the volatile by distillation excepting in the case of oil of lemon, which being contained in distinct vittae in the rind, may be expressed instead of being distilled.
1 In this mixture there is no gum, for although it is contained in crude asafoetida, it is not contained in the tincture of asafoetida used in this preparation.
Fixed Oils
B.P. (9). | Dose. | |
Oleum | Amygdalae.................. | 1-4 fl. dr. |
" | Crotonis (croton oil)... | 1/3-1 min. |
" | Lini............................... | |
" | Morrhuae..................... | 1-8 fl. dr. |
" | Myristicae Expressum.. | |
" | Olivae............................ | " |
" | Phosphoratum............... | 5-10 min. |
" | Ricini............................ | 1-8 fl. dr. |
" | Theobromatis................ |
U.S.P. (11). | Dose. | |
Oleum | Adipis........................... | |
" | Amygdalae Expressum | 1-8 fl. dr. |
" | Gossypii Seminis........... | |
" | Lini................................. | |
" | Morrhuae........................ | 1/2-4 fl. oz. |
" | Olivae.............................. | |
" | Phosphoratum................. | 1-5 min. |
" | Ricini.............................. | 1-8 fl. dr. |
" | Sesami............................ | |
" | Theobromae.................... | |
" | Tiglii (croton oil)............ | 1/4-l min. |
Volatile Oils
b.p. (25).
Dose Of Each
1-4 m. unless otherwise mentioned.
Oleum | Anthei....................................... | |
" | Anisi......................................... | |
" | Anhtemidis.............................. | |
" | Cajuputi................................... | |
" | Carui......................................... | |
" | Caryophylli............................... | |
" | Cinnamomi................................ | |
" | Copaibae................................... | 5-20 min. |
" | Coriandri................................... | |
" | Cubebae................................... | 5-20 min. |
" | Eucalypti.................................... | |
" | Juniperi..................................... | 1-10 min. |
" | Lavandulae.............................. | |
" | Limonis................................. | |
" | Menthae Piperitae.................. | |
" | " Viridis...................... | |
" | Myristicae................................ | |
" | Pimentae.................................. | |
" | Pini Sylvestris......................... | for use as vapour. |
" | Rosmarini.............................. | |
" | Rutae...................................... | |
" | Sabinae.................................... | |
" | Santali..................................... | 10-30 min. |
" | Sinapis.................................... | For external use only. |
" | Terbinthinae............................ | 10-20 m. as diuretic, 2-6 fl. dr. as anthelmintic. |
u.s.p. (40). | Dose. | |
Oleum | aethereum.............................. | |
" | Amygdalae Amarae................ | 1/4-1 min (0.016-0.06 c.c). |
" | Anisi........................................ | 5 15 min. (0.3-0.9 c.c). |
" | Aurantii Corticis..................... | |
" | " Florum....................... | |
" | Bergamii................................. | |
" | Cajuputi................................. | 5-20 min. (0.3-1.25 c.c). |
" | Cari........................................ | 1-10 min. (0.06-0.6 c.c). |
" | Caryophylli........................... | 2-6 min. (0.12-0.36 c.c). |
" | Chenopodii............................ | 4-8 min. for a child (0.25-0.5 c.c). |
" | Cinnamomi............................. | 1-3 min. (0.06-0.18 c.c). |
" | Copaibae................................ | 10-15 min. (0.6-0.9 c.c). |
" | Coriandri............................... | |
" | Cubebae................................. | 10-12 min. at first (0.6 or 0.72 c.c), gradually increased. |
U.S.P. | Dose. | |
Oleum | Erigerontis.................................. | 10 min. to 1/2 fluid drachm (0.6-l.9 c.c.). |
,, | Eucalypti................................... | 10-15 min. (0.6-0.9 c.c.). |
,, | Foeniculi................................... | 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 c.c.). |
,, | Gaultheriae................................ | |
,, | Hedeomae (pennyroyal).......... | 2-10 min. (0.12-0.6 c.c.). |
,, | Juniperi...................................... | 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 c.c.). |
,, | Lavandulae................................ | 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 c.c.). |
,, | ,, Florum.................... | |
,, | Limonis..................................... | |
,, | Menthae Piperitae...................... | 2-6 min. (0.12-0.36 c.c.). |
,, | ,, Viridis....................... | 2-6 min. (0.06-0.36 c.c.). |
,, | Myrciae.................................... | |
,, | Myristicae.................................. | 2-3 min. (0.12-0.18 c.c.). |
,, | Picis Liquidae............................ | |
,, | Pimentae.................................... | 3-6 min. (0.18-0.36 c.c.). |
,, | Rosae......................................... | |
,, | Rosmarini.................................. | 3-6 min. (0.18-0.36 c.c.). |
,, | Rutae........................................ | 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 c.c.). |
,, | Sabinae..................................... | 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 c.c.). |
,, | Santali........................................ | 20-30 min. (1.25-1.9 c.c.). |
,, | Sassafras.................................... | 3-5 min. (0.18-0.3 c.c.). |
,, | Sinapis Volatile.......................... | |
,, | Succini...................................... | 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 c.c.). |
,, | Terebinthinae........................... | 5-30 min. (0.3-1.9 c.c.). |
,, | Thymi........................... | |
,, | Valerianae................................ | 4-5 min. (0.24-0.3 c.c.). |
Oleata. Oleates. - Solutions of bases in oleic acid. They are more readily absorbed by the skin than ointments.
B.P
Oleatum Hydrargyri. „ Zinci.
U.S.P
Oleatum Hydrargyri. „ Veratrinae.
Oleoresinae. Oleoresins. - These are, as the name implies, mixtures of volatile oil and resin. They are extracted by treating the crude substance with stronger ether, and removing the ether partly by distillation and partly by evaporation. Their advantage is that they remain in a liquid or semi-liquid state, and are stable, not requiring alcohol to prevent decomposition.
B.P. | Dose. | |
Oleoresina | Cubebae.............................. | ................................5-30 min. |
U.S.P. | Dose. | |
Oleoresina | Aspidii.............................. | 1/2-1 fl. dr. (1.9-3.75 c.c.). |
,, | Capsici............................. | 1/4-1 min. (0.015-0.06 c.c.). |
,, | Cubebae............................ | 5-30 min. (0.3-1.9 c.c.). |
,, | Lupulini............................ | 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.33 gm.). |
,, | Piperis.............................. | 1/4-1 min. (0.015-0.06 c.c.). |
,, | Zingiberis.......................... | 1/10-1 min. (0.006-0.06 c.c.). |
Oxymel. - Vide Mellita.
Pilulvae. Pills.- Pills are small round masses which can be conveniently swallowed. They are rarely made of a greater
B.P. (21)
dose : 5-10 grains, with the exception of those mentioned.
Pilula | Curare. - Basis | Proportion of Basis | Cito. - Adjuvant | Proportion of Adjuvant | Tute . - Corrective | Jucunde. - Vehicle. | Dose |
Aloes Barbadensis . . | Barbadoes Aloes . . | l in 2 | Hard Soap . . | l in 4 | Oil of Carraway | Confection of Roses | |
Aloes et Asafoetidae . . | Socotrine Aloes . . | l in 4 | ,, ,, . . | 1 in 4 | Asafoetida | ,, ,, | |
Aloes et Ferri . . | Barbadoes Aloes . . | 1 in 5 1/4 | 1 in 7 | Compound Powder of Cinnamon | ,, ,, | ||
Aloes et Myrrhae . . . | Socotrine Aloes . . | 1 in 2 1/4 | Myrrh . . . | 1 in 4 1/2 | Saffron . | ,, ,, | |
Aloes Socotrinae . . | ,, ,, . . | l in 2 | Hard Soap . . | 1 in 4 | ,, ,, | ||
Asafoetidae Composita (syn. Galbani Composita) | Asafoetida . . . | 1 in 3 1/2 | Galbanum . . | 1 in 3 1/2 | Myrrh . | ||
Cambogiae Composita . | Gamboge . . . | l in 5 | Barbadoes Aloes . | l in 5 | Compound Powder of Cinnamon | Syrup | |
Hard Soap . . | l in 5 | ||||||
Colocynthidis Composita | Colocynth pulp . . . | l in 5 | Barbadoes Aloes . | 1 in 2 1/2 | Water | ||
Scammony . . | 1 in 2 1/2 | ||||||
1 in 20 | |||||||
Colocynthidis et Hyos-cyami | Compound pill of Colocynth | 2 in 3 | - | - | Extract of Henbane | ||
Conii Composita . . | Extract of Hemlock . | 5 in 6 | Ipecacuanha . . | 1 in 6 | - | Treacle | |
Ferri Carbonatis . . | Saccharated Carbonate of Iron | 4 in 5 | - | - | Confection of Roses | 5-20 grs. | |
Ferri Iodidi . . . | Iron Wine . . . . | - | - | - | Liquorice Root and Water | 3-8 grs. | |
Iodine . . . | |||||||
Hydrargyri . . . | Mercury . . . | 1 in 3 | - | - | Confection of Roses | Liquorice Root . | 3-8 grs. |
Hydrargyri Subchloridi Composita | l in 5 | 1 in 5 | Guaiacum Resin (1 in 2 1/2) | ||||
Ipecacuanhae cum Scilla | Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha | 3 in 5 | Squill . . . | l in 5 | Ammoniacum (1 in 5) | Treacle | |
Phosphori . . . | Phosphorus . . . | 1 in 90 | 1 in 2 1/4 | 2-4 grs. | |||
Plumbi cura Opio . . | Acetate of Lead . . | 3 in 4 | Opium . . | 1 in 8 | - | Confection of Roses | 3-5 grs. |
Rhei Composita . . | Rhubarb Root. . | 1 in 3 2/3 | Socotrine Aloes . | 1 in 5 | Myrrh | ||
Hard Soap . . | l in 7 1/3 | Glycerine and Treacle | |||||
Saponis Composita (syn. Opii) | Opium .... | 1 in 5 | - | - | Hard Soap . | Glycerine . . | 3-5 grs. |
Scammonii Composita. | Resin of Scammony . | 1 in 6 | 1 in 6 | Strong Tincture of Ginger | Rectified Spirit . | 5-15 grs. | |
Curd Soap . . | 1 in 6 | ||||||
Scillae Composita . . | Squill .... | l in 6 1/4 | Ammoniacum . | l in 6 1/4 | Ginger . . . . | Hard Soap | |
Treacle | |||||||
u.s.p. (15). Vide also Masssae. | |||||||
Aloes. . . . | Purified Aloes . . | 1 in 2 | Soap . . . . | l in 2 | - | - | 1-5 pills |
Aloes et Asafoetidae . | ,, ,, . . | l in 3 | ,, . . . | l in 3 | Asafoetida . . | - | 2-5 pills |
Aloes et Ferri . . | ,, ,, . . | 1 in 3 | Sulphate of Iron . | l in 3 | Aromatic Powder . | Confection of Rose | 1-3 pills |
Aloes et Mastiches . | ,, ,, . . | 2 in 3 | - | - | Mastic . . . | Red Rose . . | 1 pill |
Aloes et Myrrhae . | ,, ,, | l in1 3/4 | Myrrh . . . . | 1 in3 1/2 | Aromatic Powder . | Syrup . . . | 3-6 pills |
Antimonii Compositae (Plummer's Pills) | Sulphurated Antimony. | l in 4 | Mild Chloride of Mercury | l in 4 | Guaiac . . . | Mucilage of Traga-canth | 1-2 pills |
Asafoetidae . . . | Asafoetida . . . | 3 in 4 | - | - | - | Soap . . . | 1 pill |
Catharticae Compositae. | Compound Extract of Colocynth | 1 in 3 (nearly) | 1 in 3 1/2 | - | Water . . . | 1-3 pills | |
Mild Chloride of Mercury . . | 1 in 3 1/2 | ||||||
Gamboge . . | 1 in 14 | ||||||
Ferri Compositae . . . | Sulphate of Iron . . | l in 4 | l in 4 | Myrrh . . . | Syrup . . . | 2-6 pills | |
Glycyrrhiza, Extract of Glycyrrhiza | |||||||
Balsam of Tolu | |||||||
Stronger Ether . | l pill | ||||||
Ferri Iodidi . . | Reduced Iron, Iodine . | - | - | - | Acacia | ||
Galbani Compositae . | Galbanum . . . . | l in 2 1/3 | Myrrh . . . | 1 in 2 1/3 | Asafoetida . . . | Syrup . . . | 2-4 pills |
Opii. . . . | Opium ... | l in 1 1/4 | - | - | - | Soap . . . | l pill |
Phosphori . . . | Phosphorus . . . . | 1 in 100 | Althaea . . . | 1 in 2 1/2 | Acacia . . . | Balsam of Tolu . | 1-2 pills |
Glycerin | |||||||
Chloroform . . | Stronger Ether | ||||||
Rhei . . . . | Rhubarb . . . | l in 1 1/3 | - | - | - | Soap . . . | 1-6 pills |
Rhei Compositae . . | ,, . . . . | l in 2 1/3 | Aloes . . . | l in 3 | Myrrh . . . | - | 2-4 pills |
Oil of Peppermint | |||||||
weight than five grains, as they then become too bulky to be swallowed easily. Those of the U.S.P. are four grains each. In their composition the old rule of curare cito, tute, et jucunde, has been pretty strictly followed, and most of them in addition to the basis contain an adjuvant, corrective, and vehicle (see Table, pp. 522, 523). To prevent them sticking together they are generally shaken with some dry powder, such as lycopodium, carbonate of magnesium, flour, starch, or liquorice powder. Sometimes they are gilt or silvered by shaking them while freshly prepared, and without the addition of any dusting powder, along with gold or silver leaf in a hollow spherical wooden box. Sometimes pills are coated with sugar. Recently a coating of firm gelatine has been used, and perhaps the best coating of all in certain cases is keratin (q. v.).
Pulveres. Powders. - The fineness of powders is ascertained by the size of the meshes of the sieve through which they pass, and is represented by numbers ranging from No. 20 to No. 60, these numbers indicating the numbers of parallel wires of ordinary thickness within a linear inch forming the meshes of the sieves used. The officinal powders contain two or more substances triturated and mixed together.
B.P. (15). | Dose. | |
Pulvis | Amygdalae Compositus...................................................... | 60-120 grs. |
" | Antimonialis....................................................................... | 3-10 grs. |
" | Catechu Compositus.......................................................... | 20-40 grs. |
" | Cinnamomi Compositus...................................................... | 3-10 grs. |
" | Cretae Aromaticus.............................................................. | 10-60 grs. |
" | " " Cum Opio............................................... | 10-40 grs. |
" | Elaterini Compositus.......................................................... | 1/2-5 grs. |
" | Glycyrrhizae Compositus................................................... | 30-60 grs. |
" | Ipecacuanhae Compositus................................................... | 5-15 grs. |
" | Jalapae Compositus............................................................ | 20-60 grs. |
" | Kino Compositus................................................................ | 5-20 grs. |
" | Opii Compositus................................................................. | 2-5 grs. |
" | Rhei Compositus................................................................ | 20-60 grs. |
" | Scammonii Compositus..................................................... | 10-20 grs. |
" | Tragacanthae Compositus.................................................. | 20-60 grs. |
u.s.p. (9). | Dose. | |
Pulvis | Antimonialis................................................. | 3-8 grs. (0.2-0.52 gm.). |
" | Aromaticus................................................... | 10-30 grs. (0.65-1.95 gm.). |
" | Cretae Compositus....................................... | 10-30 grs. (0.65-1.95 gm.). |
" | Effervescens Compositus............................ | One powder. |
" | Glycyrrhizae Compositus........................... | 30-60 grs. (1.95-3.9 gm.). |
" | Ipecacuanhae et Opii................................. | 5-15 grs. (0.33-1 gm.). |
" | Jalapae Compositus................................... | 30 60 grs. (1.95-3.9 gm.). |
" | Morphinae Compositus............................. | 10 grs. (0.65 gm.). |
" | Rhei Compositus....................................... | 30-60 grs. (1.95-3.9 gm.). |
Resinae. Resins. - These are brittle, amorphous solids, consisting of an acid or mixtures of acids formed by the oxidation of terpenes which are volatile hydrocarbons having the formula C10H16. Resins are insoluble in water, but soluble in spirit. They melt when heated, and solidify again on cooling. They dissolve in alkalies, forming a kind of soap. They frequently occur in plants along with unoxidised volatile oils as oleo-resins. Resins may be obtained from oleo-resins, e.g. turpentine, by simple distillation, when the volatile oil distils over and the resin remains. They may be got by heating the part of the plant in which they are contained, e.g. guaiac resin. They may be prepared by dissolving them out of the plants by means of alcohol and removing the alcohol by distillation, or precipitating them by throwing the strong tincture into water. Resins are of an acid nature, and the addition of a little mineral acid to water causes them to be precipitated more readily.
Continue to:
My Books
