{b) Stamens epigynous (on the ovary, or on a dish which covers the ovary).

Euonymus, in Celastraceae. - Shrub, with 4-sided branchlets, not climbing. Leaves simple. Pods crimson when ripe. Calyx not minute........................... 46

Umbelliferae. - Flowers chiefly in compound umbels. Calyx very minute. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Fruit dry, 2-seeded............................... 87

Araliaceae. - Umbels not compound; but sometimes pan-icled. Stamens 5. Styles usually more than 2. Fruit berry-like.............................. 92

Cornaceae. - Flowers in cymes or heads. Stamens 4. Style 1........................................... 93

2. Calyx inferior (i.e., free from the ovary), (a) Stamens hypogynous (on the receptacle).

Cruciferae. - Petals 4. Stamens 6, tetradynamous. Pod 2-celled...................................... 16

Cistaceae. - Petals 3. Sepals 5, very unequal; or only 3.

Pod partly 3-celled....... ................... 29

Droseraceae. - Leaves radical, beset with reddish glandular hairs. Flowers in a 1-sided raceme........ 30

Elodes, in Hypericaceae. - Leaves with transparent dots. Stamens 9, in 3 clusters...... ......................... 30

Caryophyllaceae. - Styles 2-5. Ovules in the centre or bottom of the cell. Stem usually swollen at the joints. Leaves opposite...................... 32

Linaceae. - Stamens 5, united below. Pod 10-celled, 10seeded....................................... 40

Geraniaceae. - 0varies or lobes of the ovary 5 or 3, with a common central style or axis which remains after the ripe ovaries separate from it.......... 41

Oxalidaceae. - Stamens 10. Pod 5-celled. Styles 5, distinct. Leaflets 3, obcordate, drooping at night-fall. 42

Ericaceae. - Anthers opening by pores at the top, or across the top. Leaves mostly evergreen, sometimes brown beneath; but in some instances the plant is white or tawny............................ 137

Rutaceae. - Shrubs, with polygamous flowers and leaves of 3 leaflets, dotted with transparent glands. Stigmas 2. Fruit a 2-seeded samara winged all round...................................... 43

(b) Stamens perigynous (plainly attached to the calyx).

Saxifragaceae. - Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Styles or stigmas 2; in one instance 4. Carpels fewer than the petals.................. 75

Crassulaceae. - Flowers symmetrical. Stamens 10 or 8.

Leaves sometimes fleshy...................... 78

Lythraceae. - Stamens 10, in two sets. Calyx enclosing, but really free from, the ovary. Leaves mostly whorled.................................... 84

(c) Stamens attached to a fleshy disk in the bottom of the calyx-tube.

Anacardiaceae. - Trees, or shrubs, not prickly. Leaves compound. Stigmas 3. Fruit a 1-seeded drupelet. 43

Celastracae. - Twining shrub. Leaves simple. Pods orange when ripe............................ 46

Sapindaceae. - Shrubs, or trees. Fruit 2-winged, and leaves palmately-veined. Or, Fruit an inflated 3-celled pod, and leaves of 3 leaflets. Styles 2 or 3...... 47

(d) Stamens attached to the petals at their very base.

Claytonia, in Portulacaceae. - Sepals 2. Leaves fleshy. Style 3-cleft. '37

Aquifoliaceae. - Shrubs, with small axillary flowers, having the parts in fours and sixes. Fruit a red berrylike drupe. Stigma sessile. Calyx minute.................. 145

Corolla with the petals united together, in however slight a degree.

A. Calyx superior (adherent to the ovary).

* Stamens united by their anthers.

Cucurbitaceae. - Tendril-bearing herbs................. 85

Compositae;- Flowers in heads, surrounded by an involucre 102

Lobeliaceae.- Flowers not in heads. Corolla split down one side...................................... 135

* * Stamens not united together in any way.

+ Stamens inserted on the corolla. , Dipsaceae. - Flowers in heads, surrounded by an involucre.

Plant prickly................................ 101

Valerianaceae. - Flowers white, in clustered cymes. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla.......* 101

Rubiaceae. - Leaves, when opposite, with stipules; when whorled, without stipules. Flowers, if in heads, without an involucre.......................... 98

Leaves opposite, without stipules; but, in one genus, with appendages resembling stipules. 95

+ + Stamens not inserted on the corolla.

Herbs with milky juice. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla............... 136

Ericaceae. - Chiefly shrubby plants or parasites. Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the corolla........ 137

B. Calyx inferior (free from the ovary).

* Stamens more than the lobes of the corolla.

Lequminosae. - Ovary 1-celled, with 1 parietal placenta.

Stamens mostly diadelphous.................. 49

Adlumia, in Fcmariaceae. - Plant climbing. Corolla 2-spurred...... 15

Malvaceae. - Filaments monadelphous. Carpels in a ring. 38 Ericaceae. - Chiefly shrubby plants, with simple entire leaves. Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the corolla................................... 137

Polygalacae. - Anthers 6 or 8, 1-celled, opening at the top. Pod 2-celled. Flowers irregular; lower petal keel-shaped, and usually fringed at the top...... 48

Oxalidaceae. - Stamens 10, 5 of them longer. Styles 5, distinct. Leaflets 3, obcordate, drooping at nightfall .......................................... 42

* * Stamens jusi as many as the lobes of the corolla, one in front of each lobe.

Primulaceae. - Stamens on the corolla. Style 1. Ovary 1-celled, with a free central placenta rising from the base..... ................................ 145

Plumbaginaceae. - Styles 5. Ovary 1-celled and 1-seeded. 144

* * * Stamens just as many as the lobes of the corolla inserted on its tube alternately with its lobes.

+ Ovaries 2, separate. Apocynaceae. - Plants with milky juice. Anthers converging round the stigmas, but not adherent to them.