Sandwich {Sand'witch or -wij), a decayed seaport of Kent, on the right bank of the Stour, 12 miles E. of Canterbury and 68 (by rail 84) ESE. of London. It now stands 2 miles from the sea, or 4 if one follows the windings of the river; but in the 11th century, when Edward the Confessor made it one of the Cinque Ports, it was the ' most famous of all the English harbours.' It was the place of landing or embarkation of St Wilfrid, Canute, Becket, Cœ;ur-de-Lion, etc.; under Edward IV. had 95 ships and 1500 mariners; but has never recovered the silting up of its harbour in the 16th century, in spite of the settlement at it of Protestant refugees (c. 1561), and of some harbour improvements since 1847. To-day its chief fame is as headquarters of golf. The old walls have been converted into a pleasant promenade, but it retains the Fisher Gate and Barbican, and offers a good deal of interest in its two churches and hospitals, guildhall (1579), grammar-school (1564), a house that lodged Queen Elizabeth, and other quaint old buildings. Richborough, 1 1/2 mile N., was the Roman Rutupiœ, the predecessor of Sandwich, like which it declined as the sea receded from its port. A great fortress, 460 feet square, it still has a wealth of Roman remains - walls, towers, the base of a pharos, and an amphitheatre. Sandwich was made a borough by Edward III., and with Deal and Walmer returned two members, but was finally disfranchised in 1885. Pop. (1851) 2966; (1901) 3170. See works by Boys (1792), Smith (1830), Bell (1831), and Montagu Burrows (1888).