Bonaparte. I. Jerome, king of Westphalia, youngest brother of Napoleon I., born in Ajaccio, Nov. 15, 1784, died at Villegenis, near Paris, June 24, 1860. He was educated at the college of Juilly, entered the army as a private in 1800, and soon afterward joined the naval service in the Mediterranean, and in 1801 the expedition to Santo Domingo, rising to the grade of lieutenant. In 1803, while on his return to France by way of the United States, where he was introduced to President Jefferson, he fell in love with Miss Elizabeth Patterson, the daughter of an eminent and wealthy Baltimore merchant, a young lady of great beauty, then in her 18th year. He deputed the Spanish minister in Washington to solicit her hand, and despite the protest of the French consul and the reluctance of the Pattersons, he married her on Dec. 24, 1803. The contract had been carefully drawn by.Alexander J. Dallas, and the ceremony was performed by the Roman Catholic Bishop Carroll of Baltimore, brother of Charles Carroll. They resided in the United States till March, 1805. While they were on their way to France Jerome's mother entered a legal protest against the marriage, as contracted by her son during his minority without her consent and without legal publication of the banns in France. This was done at the bidding of Napoleon, who had in vain applied to Pope Pius VII. to cancel the marriage, but had from the first prohibited its registration, declaring it null and void and the prospective offspring illegitimate.

The municipal authorities of Paris subsequently issued a decree to the same purport, and Jerome and his wife were forbidden to enter France. They landed at Lisbon, and Jerome had an interview with Napoleon at Alessandria, Piedmont, May 6, but without succeeding in reconciling him to his marriage. His wife, who had left Lisbon for Amsterdam, was not permitted to land there, and was obliged to sail at once for England, where in July, 1805, she gave birth to a son. Jerome had in the meanwhile been permitted to reenter the naval service, and as commander of a French squadron he obtained from the dey of Algiers the liberation of several hundreds of French and Genoese captives, whom in August he brought safely to Genoa, despite English cruisers. Napoleon promoted him to a higher command under Admiral Willaumez on an expedition to the French possessions in the West Indies; but being overtaken by a storm, many of the vessels were scattered, the admiral making for American ports. Jerome remained at his post, and with some of the ships succeeded in destroying several English vessels, and on Aug. 26, 1806, reached with a number of captives a small and almost inaccessible port on the coast of Brittany, having barely escaped capture by the British squadron under Lord Keith. This exploit won for him the rank of rear admiral, but he soon left the naval for the military service with the rank of brigadier general.

At the same time he was recognized as a French prince, and subsequently (Sept. 24, 1806) the senate made him successor to the throne in the event of Napoleon's leaving no male issue. He commanded a body of Wtirtembergers and Bavarians in the Prussian war of 1806-'7, gaining some successes in Silesia, and was rewarded with the grade of general of division, March 14, 1807, and after the peace of Tilsit with the crown of Westphalia, which was erected into a kingdom, with Cassel as capital, Aug. 18. In the same month he married the princess Catharine, daughter of the king of Wurtemberg, an alliance forced upon him by Napoleon, though he was much attached to his first wife, and had repeatedly urged the emperor to recognize her. But he never saw her again after her departure for England, excepting, as alleged, casually, years afterward in the picture gallery of the Pitti palace in Florence, when Jerome started aside on beholding her, and was overheard to say to Catharine, "That lady is my former wife," after which he left the gallery and departed next morning from Florence. After his accession to the throne of Westphalia, he appointed several learned men as ministers, reopened the university of Halle, emancipated the Jews, and introduced the Code Napoleon; but his rule was in other respects marked by shocking levity and prodigality, and politically he was nothing more than the deputy or viceroy of the emperor.

In 1809, during the war with Austria, he promptly quelled the insurrectionary spirit in his kingdom, and proceeded with 20,000 troops to Saxony, entering Dresden Dec. 1. In the campaign against Russia, in 1812, he led a corps of Germans, and distinguished himself by bravery; but having been guilty of some neglect which disconcerted the plans of Napoleon, he was severely reprimanded by him, and went home in anger. In October, 1813, when the French were driven from Germany, he went to Paris. He was expelled from France in 1814, and was arrested with his wife by a body of the allies, but they were speedily released. He then went to Switzerland, and afterward resided in Gratz and in Trieste. On learning the emperor's return from Elba he hastened to Paris, became a member of the chamber of peers, and fought at Ligny and Waterloo, displaying a capacity and a bravery which made Napoleon say to him, "Mon frere, je vous ai connu trop tardy He afterward returned to Paris, and the Wurtemberg envoy holding out to him the prospect of a cordial reception, he proceeded to that country, but was arrested at the frontier and compelled to sign a convention, the terms of which made him almost a prisoner of the king of Wfirtemberg;" and indeed on his arrival at Goppingen he was treated as such.

The chateau of Ellwangen was assigned to him as a residence, where he remained with his family until about July, 1816, when he was permitted to leave; and on arriving at Augs-burg he was surprised by receiving from the king a patent of nobility creating him prince of Montfort, which he returned under protest to his brother-in-law, the crown prince. He then spent some time near Vienna with the ex-queen Caroline, and here they heard of the death of his father-in-law and of his will, by which Jerome's wife, who had already received her dowry of 200,000 francs, was not provided for beyond her share of 150,000 francs from her mother's estate. Jerome having been unable to recover 1,200,000 francs which he had deposited with a banker in Paris, and the marquis de Maubreuil having robbed his wife while she was still in France of all her jewelry and of 80,000 francs in money besides, his position became embarrassing; and toward the close of 1819 he could hardly defray his travelling expenses on his way to Trieste for the restoration of his son's health. In the following year, however, he obtained judgment against his Paris banker.

He resided in Rome till 1831, when he removed to Florence, and afterward to Lausanne, where his devoted and accomplished wife died, Nov. 28, 1835. At the end of 1847 he was permitted to reside in Paris, and after the revolution of February, 1848, he was restored to his military rank and appointed governor of the Invalides (Dec. 23) and marshal (Jan. 1, 1850). In January, 1852, he became president of the imperial senate, but retired toward the end of that year, after delivering a remarkable speech on the restoration of the empire. The palais royal and the palace of Meudon were placed at his disposal, the right of succession to the throne was accorded to him and to his son, and he presided occasionally over cabinet councils in place of the emperor. He died from a pulmonary inflammation, which had prostrated him since December, 1859, and was buried with great pomp in the church of the Invalides. - Jerome's surviving first wife, Madame Patterson, as she was called in France, having spent several years in Europe in unavailing efforts for the legal recognition of her marriage, has ever since resided as Mrs. Patterson-Bonaparte in Baltimore, where she is much respected; and though smarting under an irretrievable wrong, she never ceased to cherish the memory of the husband who deserted her.

She was engaged in 1872 in completing her autobiography. II. Jerome Napoleon, only child of the preceding by his first wife, born at Camber well, England, July 7, 1805, died in Baltimore, June 17, 1870. He was educated in Europe and the United States, and graduated at Harvard college in 1826. He studied law, but never practised, and in early life married Miss Susan Mary Williams, daughter of an opulent citizen originally of Roxbury, Mass. She brought him a large" fortune, which in addition to his own property made him one of the richest men of Baltimore; and he devoted himself to the management of his estate and to agricultural pursuits. He received a handsome allowance from his father, with whom he was on terms of intimacy in his several visits to Europe. Louis Philippe permitted him to reside for a short time in Paris, but only under the name of Patterson; yet he attracted much attention by his striking likeness to his uncle Napoleon. In 1852 a family council decided in favor of his assuming the name of Bonaparte, but without being regarded as belonging to the imperial family; and at the invitation of Napoleon III. he several times visited him in Paris with his son.

After his father's death in 1860, the Patterson claim was again brought before the French courts; but, although Berryer pleaded the cause, the decision in 1861 was again adverse to the recognition of Jerome as the legitimate son of the king of Westphalia. Mr. Bonaparte never became naturalized in the United States, and proudly called himself a French citizen. - His only son, Jeeome Napoleon, born in 1832, a graduate of West Point (1852), became an officer in the French army in 1854, and served in the Crimea, Algeria, Italy, and France till the fall of the empire. He then returned to the United States, and in 1872 he married at Newport, R. I., a lady of Boston. III. Jerome Napoleon, son of King Jer6me by his second wife, Catharine of Wiirtemberg, born Aug. 24, 1814, died in Florence, May 12, 1847. He was an officer in the Wiirtemberg army till 1840, when ill health compelled his retirement. IV. Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul, popularly known as Prince Napoleon, second son of Jerome and Catharine of Wiirtemberg, born in Trieste, Sept. 9, 1822. His education, commenced in Rome, was completed in Geneva and at Arenenberg, where his cousin, the future Napoleon III., was his tutor.

His uncle, the king of Wiirtemberg, provided for his military training at Ludwigs-burg, and after remaining here for four years he travelled extensively and spent some time in Spain. His resemblance to the first Napoleon attracted attention everywhere, and Bdranger describes him, in allusion to his obesity, as a genuine Napoleon medal dipped in German fat (une traie medaille Napoleonienne trempee dans de la graisse allemande). A permission granted him by Louis Philippe in 1845 to reside in Paris was withdrawn after four months, mainly in consequence of his alleged understanding with revolutionists; but in 1847 he was allowed to remain in France with his father, and he made himself conspicuous on Feb. 24, 1848, by his eager support of the revolution. In 1848 he was elected deputy from Corsica to the constituent assembly, and in 1849 from the department Of the Sarthe to the legislative assembly. The less liberal complexion of the latter body induced him to accept from Louis Napoleon the mission to Spain; but he had hardly reached Madrid when, on hearing of the reactionary educational measures proposed by Falloux, he hastily returned to the assembly, and was deprived of his office as minister for having deserted his post.

He now became noted for his violent opposition, and was called le prince de la Montague. In 1850, when Thiers applied the term vile multitude to those who were to be disfranchised, he vindicated popular rights in an inflammatory speech; but he kept quiet for a time after the coup diktat of Dec. 2, 1851. On the establishment of the second empire in 1852 he took his seat in the senate and council of state as an imperial prince, with the right of succession to the throne. At the same time he was made general of division, though he had never seen military service; and at the opening of the Crimean war he was placed in command of a reserve corps at the Alma and at Inkerman. He was soon recalled, ostensibly on account of ill health. His adversaries questioned his bravery and capacity, while his partisans ascribed his abrupt return to civil life to his having insisted with characteristic vehemence upon using the war against Russia for the liberation of Poland. He displayed considerable talent and activity as president of the imperial commission of the exposition of 1855, and in a scientific maritime excursion to the coasts of Scotland, Iceland, and Greenland in 1856, and was admitted to the academy of fine arts.

In 1857 he acquitted himself successfully of a diplomatic mission by prevailing upon Prussia to relinquish her claims upon Neufchatel in favor of Switzerland, putting an end to that contest. In 1858 he was appointed to the newly created ministry of Algerian and colonial affairs, and held that office about nine months. His marriage on Jan. 30, 1859, with the princess Clotilde, daughter of King Victor Emanuel, was speedily followed by the Franco-Italian war against Austria, during which he was sent to Tuscany at the head of the fifth army corps; but though he crossed the Apennines by forced marches, he reached headquarters only to witness the conclusion of the preliminary treaty of peace of Villafranca, for the carrying out of which he was sent to Verona. In 1861 he went with his yacht to the United States, and leaving the princess Clotilde with the duchess d'Abrantes at New York, proceeded to Washington, where Secretary Seward presented him to President Lincoln. He then visited Beauregard's headquarters at Manassas, and pushed as far as Richmond, escorted by the French minister Mercier. He Was accompanied by Maurice Sand, the son of his intimate friend Mme. Dudevant (George Sand), and others; and he often expressed his sympathies with the cause of the Union and of slavery abolition.

After his return he made in 1862 and 1863 remarkable speeches in the senate against the temporal power of the papacy and in favor of Polish nationality. In 1863 he visited the Suez canal, of which enterprise he became an advocate. At the inauguration of the statue of Napoleon I. in Ajaccio in 1865, he made a sensational oration, full of democratic sentiments, which proved still less palatable than his previous speeches to the emperor, who was then in Algeria, and from thence addressed an official reprimand to the prince. The latter immediately threw up all his public functions, including his membership of the council of regency, his opposition to the temporal power of the pope having converted the empress Eugenie, who had never been his friend, into his inveterate enemy. But he speedily regained the confidence of the emperor, who apparently regarded his vagaries as harmless, and even in some respects as useful. In 1868 he visited the North German states, and a political object was ascribed to this as to his other journeys in that year, especially as he occasionally received official deputations and was fond of assuming the attitude of a sovereign prince.

Though he constantly coquetted with the ultra radicals, they never ceased to regard him as in reality an imperialist, possibly desirous of supplanting his cousin; while the emperor himself even refrained from rebuking his renewed violence in 1869, though his speech on that occasion was publicly disavowed by Rouher, president of the senate. Prince Napoleon had long been nick-named Plon-Plon, his ambition as well as his attempt to reconcile imperialistic with extreme liberal institutions subjecting him to criticism, to which the grotesque contrast between his impetuous demonstrations and placid appearance added a tinge of the ridiculous. After the outbreak of the Franco-German war, he made unavailing efforts to draw Italy into the contest against Prussia, and at the close of 1871 he declined to accept an election to the general council of Corsica. In October, 1872, he was ordered to leave Paris, and on his resisting he was forcibly expelled. The prince instituted legal proceedings against the prefect and commissary of police who arrested him in the house of his friend M. Richard, claiming 200,-000 francs damages.

He afterward returned to his chateau of Prangins near Geneva with his wife and children, consisting of two sons, born in 1862 and 1864, and a daughter, in 1866. They occasionally reside also in their mansion at Milan. V. Mathilde Lsctitia Wilhelminc, sister of the preceding, popularly known as Princess Mathilde, born in Trieste, May 27, 1820. She was early distinguished by her literary and artistic tastes, and in 1841 married in Florence the Russian count Anatol Demidoff, whom the grand duke of Tuscany made prince of San Donate He having agreed to bring up the prospective children in the Roman Catholic faith, the emperor Nicholas deprived him of his office of chamberlain. But they had no issue, and when Mathilde went to St. Petersburg the czar became her friend, and he corresponded with her till the Crimean war; and on her separation in 1845 from her husband, he insisted upon his settling on his wife an annuity of 200,000 rubles. The princess Mathilde presided over the household of Louis Napoleon previous to his marriage with Eugenie, and afterward continued to occupy a prominent position at the imperial court until the Franco-German war, when the downfall of her cousin deprived her of her large endowments; and the death of her former husband in April, 1870, also cut off the income which she had derived from him.

Her palace in Paris and her summer residence at St. Gratien, near the lake of Enghien, were the most distinguished literary and artistic centres of the second empire; and she excels as an artist, as is attested by her fine paintings and etchings. After the death of Sainte-Beuve in 1869, the newspapers engaged in a lively controversy about her letters to him; and her special favorite was Theophile Gautier, whose funeral she attended in October, 1872, President Thiers having permitted her to continue to reside in Paris.