Cooking Vegetables. Practical American Cookery | by Jules Arthur Harder
Many a dish is cooked that is not worth the time and trouble, even by an ordinarily educated palate, given to its discussion, and many a book written - especially on the subject of Cookery - the reading of which is worse than time wasted. There have been innumerable Cook Books for popular use published, I grant you; but if you ask nine out of ten persons who consult them, they will tell you they become more and more perplexed as they attempt to follow their guidance. The housekeeper will confess she has been led into errors by their vague recipes, injurious to the family health, and, at the same time, expensive to the family purse. It is to dissipate this fog enveloping the literature of the kitchen that the publication of the Book of American Practical Cookery is undertaken.
| Title | Cooking Vegetables. Practical American Cookery |
| Author | Jules Arthur Harder |
| Publisher | Jules Arthur Harder |
| Year | 1885 |
| Copyright | 1885, Jules Arthur Harder |
| Amazon | The Physiology Of Taste |
(In Six Volumes)
Volume I
Treating of American Vegetables, and all Alimentary Plants, Roots and Seeds.
Containing a Description of the Best Varieties, Mode of Cultivation, and the Art of Preparing them for the Table, Designed for the Use of Families, Hotels and Restaurants
By Jules Arthur Harder, Chef de Cuisine, Palace Hotel San Francisco
Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1885, by
Jules Arthur Harder,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.



Dedication
A friendship of many years' duration, and an appreciation of his kindly and generous disposition, as well as of his cultivated taste, impel me to dedicate
These Volumes To Alexander Dumas Sharon, Esquire
Notable among the whole-souled Californians who have kept step with the spirit and progress of the age.
Preface- What! - the reader may exclaim - Another book on cookery! Have we not Careme and Francatelli, Vatel and Soyer, Ude and Gouffe, Miss Acton and Mrs. Beeton, Meg Dodds and Mrs. Hale, and scores of oth...
Glossary Of Words And Terms Used In This Book- Allemande Allemande sauce is not of German origin, as the name would imply, but is the mother and stock of the white French sauces. It is made with veal and chicken broth, and is then called Velout...
Glossary Of Words And Terms Used In This Book. Part 2- Cellulose The substance left after the action of solvents on vegetable tissues. It is convertible into starch and sugar. Chopped The term chopped parsley or onions is used often. Before...
Glossary Of Words And Terms Used In This Book. Part 3- Faggot A term applied to a bunch of vegetables and herbs that are tied together with a string, so it can be removed conveniently when the article is cooked. It is used in soups, sauces, and stews. ...
Glossary Of Words And Terms Used In This Book. Part 4- Macerate To steep. Marsh-Trefoil A plant growing in marshy places, having bitter leaves, which are used in diet drinks and apozems. Menyanthes .Same as Marsh-Trefoil. Moi...
Glossary Of Words And Terms Used In This Book. Part 5- Reniform Having the shape of a section of a kidney; being broader than long, and more or less rounded. Rugose Pertaining to leaves that have the veins more contracted than the disk, so th...
French Alexander. Article I- Alisandre. Smyrnenkraut. No. 1. - Is a hardy biennial plant, cultivated for its leaf stalks, which, after being blanched are used as a salad. In habit and foliage it resembles the Celery somewhat. ...
Ambrosia. Article II- Ambrosie. Ambrosia. No. 4. - Is an herb similar to Basil, and is used with Basil and Balm for the preparation of aromatic vinegar, and also used in faggots of Parsley when used for stewed game and ...
French Angelica. Article III- Angelique. Angelika No. 5.-Is is a hardy biennial aromatic plant, and is said to have originated in Syria, where it grows along the banks of rivers near high mountains. It is cultivated in the Unit...
French Anise. Article IV- Anis. Anis. No. 9. - Is an annual aromatic plant, and is cultivated for its seeds and leaves, which are used for seasoning and flavoring. The seeds have a fragrant odor, a pleasant warm taste, and ...
Aromatic, Medicinal And Pot Herbs. Article V- French German Plante Medicinal, Aromalique el herbe. Medizinishe Aromatishe, Gru'uter. No. 13. - Care should be taken to harvest them properly. This should be done on a. dry day just before they...
Allspice Or Aromatic Nigelle. Article VI- French German Piment ou Quartre Epices. Piment. No. 16. Is a hardy annual plant from the East Indies. It is cultivated for its seeds, which are produced in a roundish capsule and are somewhat tr...
French Artichoke. Article VII- Artichaut. Artishoke, No. 18. - Artichokes were first discovered in Italy, but are now planted in all large gardens in the United States, and are used as a vegetable, and prepared for the table in ...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 2- Artichokes With Mayonnaise Or Vinaigrette No. 24. - Prepare same as for Hollandaise, serve Mayonnaise or Vinaigrette sauce separately. Artichokes, With Oil Or Poivrade Sauce For Relish Or Side D...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 3- Artichokes, Italian Style No. 29. - Prepare the artichokes as in No. 31. Then put them in a flat saucepan. Season with salt and pepper and a pinch of sugar. Moisten with a glass of white wine and s...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 4- Artichokes, Tossed (Saute) In Butter No. 34. - Cut one dozen Artichokes in quarters, trim off the hard leaves, take off all the fibrous parts, leaving three leaves on each piece, nicely trimmed. Ar...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 5- Stuffed Artichoke Bottoms, Italian Style No. 38. - Prepare one dozen large Artichokes as in No. 35. Fill them with stuffing of forced meat of chicken or veal, in which add some cooked fine herbs. S...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 6- Artichoke Bottoms, With Fine Herbs No. 44. - Prepare one dozen Artichokes as in No. 35. Stuff them with cooked fine herbs, to which add some fresh bread crumbs and chopped fresh mushrooms. Arrange ...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 7- Artichoke Cream Soup No. 50. - Peel three dozen large Artichokes as in No. 35. Then cut them in quarters and put them in a saucepan, with a quarter of a pound of butter. Toss them in the pan over t...
French Artichoke. Article VII. Part 8- Artichokes Preserved In Quarters No. 54 - Use middle sized Artichokes. Cut off the stem and trim off all the hard leaves. Cut them in quarters, remove all the fibrous part, round off the bottoms, t...
French Jerusalem Artichoke. Article VIII- Topinambour. Erdartishoke. No. 57. - It is entirely different from the Globe Artichoke; its roots are all tubers, which are served as a vegetable; they resemble potatoes but have an Artichoke flavo...
French Asparagus. Article IX- Asperge. Spargel. No. 65. - The Asparagus is one of the best table vegetables, having a delicious flavor, and being easily prepared. It can be had nearly all the year round, but is best when in sea...
French Asparagus. Article IX. Part 2- Asparagus Piemontaise No. 74. - Prepare Asparagus same as for Hollandaise. Use green Asparagus. When cooked and drained, serve them on a dish with a nut-brown butter sauce. Asparagus, Pompadour ...
French Asparagus. Article IX. Part 3- Asparagus Tops, With Truffles, Imperial No. 81. - Prepare two pounds of Asparagus tops as in No. 78. Cut them one inch long, and when cooked put them together in a flat saucepan with a small piece ...
French Asparagus. Article IX. Part 4- Asparagus Salad, With Shrimps No. 87. - Prepare the Asparagus as in No. 78. Add one-half their quantity of picked shrimps, season with salt and pepper. Make separately, in a bowl, a sauce with the ...
French Asparagus. Article IX. Part 5- Cream Asparagus, Countess No. 92. - Cut the tender parts of ten pounds of Asparagus, and parboil them. Immerse them in cold water, drain them, and put them into a saucepan with boiling white broth,...
French Asparagus Bean. Article X- Haricot Asperge. Spargel Bohne. No. 97. - The Asparagus Bean is a distinct variety from the garden bean, being a native of the southern part of South America and China. The pods measure over one fo...
Balm. Article XI- Baume. Melisse. No. 98. - Balm is a hardy perennial aromatic plant. Originally from the southern part of Europe. The leaves have a fragrant odor, similar to lemons, and are used for making Balm Tea...
French Balm Mint. Article XII- Melisse. Melisse. No. 100. - The Balm Mint is a hardy perennial aromatic plant, similar to the Balm, but different in flavor, being often taken for Mint, on account of its flavor. It is used for se...
Barley. Article XIII- Orge. Gerste. No. 101. - The common Barley is a cereal, the flour obtained from its grains containing very little gluten, but an abundance of fecula, also containing a mucilaginous substance. For t...
French Basil Sweet. Article XIV- Basilic. Basilikum. No. 112. - There are four kinds of Basil. The large sweet Basil is the one principally used for culinary purposes. It is a hardy annual plant, and must be cut before it gets in ...
Bay Leaves, Or Laurel Leaves (Common). Article XV- French German Laurier Franc ou dappolon. Lorbeerblatt. No. 114. - These leaves are much used for culinary purposes, being indispensable for stews, etc.. For these purposes they should be used in...
Bay Or Laurel Leaves (Larustine). Laurier Amande. Lorbeerblatt. Article XVI- No. 115. - These are not used much for culinary purposes, but in dairies they are frequently used to aromatize the milk. They should be used with precaution. Although they give an agreeable taste to t...
Beans. Article XVII- Haricot. Bohne. No. 116. - This is a vegetable of which there are many varieties. They are prepared for the table in several different ways. Some varieties, when young and tender, are eaten whole, ...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 2- Refugee Or A Thousand To One No. 130. - Very productive, though not early. The young pods are extremely tender and of fine flavor. Large White Kidney No. 131. - An excellent shell bean, green...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 3- How To Prepare String Beans For Cooking No. 147. - To have good beans they must be perfectly fresh. Break off the ends and string them carefully, or pare both edges, to be certain that none of the ...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 4- String Beans, With Cream No. 155. - Prepare the Beans as in No. 148. Put them in a flat saucepan with some fine scraped fresh fat pork. Season with salt and pepper and add a faggot of parsley. Let ...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 5- String Beans For Garniture No. 163. - String Beans, when used for large garniture, are cook. ed as in No. 148, immersed in cold water, then thoroughly warmed and seasoned. Dress them in bunches, al...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 6- Puree Of Green Flageolet Beans For Garniture No. 171. - Prepare and cook as in No. 170. Rub them through a fine sieve, and reduce in a flat saucepan to its proper consistency. Add a little glaze an...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 7- Dry White Beans, With Marrow No. 179. - When the Beans are cooked, as in No. 173, drain them in a colander. Put into a flat saucepan some marrow cut in small pieces. Fry it lightly, and then add th...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 8- Red Beans, Cardinal - For Fast Days No. 187. - Prepare the Beans the same as in No. 173, leaving out the bacon, and when the Beans are done dish them up with turnovers of fish as a garniture. Re...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 9- Soups Puree Of Green Flageolet Beans, Saint Germain No. 196. - Take one quart of Green Flageolet Beans and put them in a saucepan with two quarts of boiling water lightly salted. Add a piece of ...
Beans. Article XVII. Part 10- Puree Of Dry White Beans, St. George No. 202. - Prepare it the same as in No. 201, leaving out the ham bone, and when cooked rub it through a fine sieve. Put it back into the saucepan to keep warm....
Beets. Article XVIII- Beterrave. Runkel Rube. No. 206. - The Beet is a hardy biennial root plant of a blood-red color. It contains a large substance of sugar and is much used as a vegetable, for salads, and as a relish....
Beets. Article XVIII. Continued- Boiled Beets Stewed No. 218. - Boil the Beets, and when done skin and slice them. If large, cut them in two and put them in a saucepan. Season with salt and pepper and add a piece of butter, tossin...
French Bene. Article XIX- Ben. Bene. No. 232. - Bene is said to have been introduced from Africa. It is a hardy annual plant, much used in the Southern States. The seeds are used for food (being first parched), stewed with ...
. Article XX- French Boletus (Esculent) Cepes. Morcheln. No. 237. - This is a variety of the Mushroom family, comprising only two species that are eatable. The Boletus etulis is very palatable, resembling ...
Frenchi Borage.. Article XXI- Bourrache. Boretsch. No. 238. - Borage is a hardy annual plant, being used as a pot herb and for bee pasturage. The leaves, immersed in water, give an agreeable taste and flavor. It is used sometim...
Briar Leaves. Article XXII- Feuille de Ronce. Brier blatter. No. 240. - Briar Loaves are used in diet drinks (tisanes) for colds and sore throats. The leaves are dried, placed in boxes, and kept in a dry place until used. ...
Brocoli. Article XXIII- Choux Broccoli. Brocoli or Spargel Kohl. No. 241. - Brocoli resembles cauliflower, but is more hardy. In parts of this country, where the winter is not severe, it is to be had from November to Marc...
French Brookline Or Speedwell. Article XXIV- Cressnoe'e Veronique. Wilde Kruosemunze. No. 249. - Brookline is a hardy perennial plant, and grows naturally in ditches and streams of water. The stem is thick, smooth and succulent. It sends out ...
Brussels Sprouts. Article XXV- Choux de Bruxelles. Sprossen Kohl. No. 250. - Brussels Sprouts are small cabbage sprouts the size of a nut. They get green in the latter part of the fall, and are one of the best of winter vegetabl...
Buck's-Horn, Or Cocks Head Plantain. Article XXVI- French German Plantain ou Corn de Serf. Paradiesfeige. No. 261. - This is a hardy annual. The root leaves are put forth horizontally, and spread regularly about a common center, somewhat in the ...
Buckwheat. Article XXVII- Sarrasin ou ble noir. Buchweitzen. No. 263. - Buckwheat originated in Asia, but it is now universally grown. It is easily cultivated, and in a favorable climate will produce two crops. Its use is h...
French Bugloss. Article XXVIII- Buylose. Ochsexzunge No. 269. - Bugloss is a medical and pot herb plant. It is used to make refreshing broths for invalids and in depuratives and apozems. The flower of the Bugloss is used for gar...
Burnet. Article XXIX- Pimprenelle. Pimpinelle. No. 271. - Is a hardy perennial plant. The leaves, proceeding directly from the root, are produced on long stems and are composed of from eleven to fifteen smaller leaves, ...
French Cabbage. Article XXX- Choux pomme. Kopf kohl. No. 273. - The Cabbage is a biennial plant and is propagated from seed sown annually. Cabbage is a plant extensively used and is prepared in various ways. It is very nutriti...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 2- Early Large York No. 278. - It succeeds the Early York and is equally desirable. It is of larger size, more robust, and bears the head better. Early Sugar Loaf No. 279. - A very compact growi...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 3- Late Flat Dutch No. 293. - This is a low growing variety, with large heads of a bluish green color; round, solid, broad and flat on the top. It is often tinted with red and brown. An excellent fall...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 4- Cabbage, German Style No. 304. - Trim and wash two heads of Cabbage. Cut out the stalks and cut the leaves in shreds. Pat into a saucepan two finely chopped onions and four ounces of butter or lard...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 5- Cabbage, Bismarck Style No. 308. - Trim and wash two heads of Cabbage, quarter them and cut off the thickest part of the stalk, parboil them for ten minutes, and immerse them in cold water. Press e...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 6- Hot Slaw No. 312. - Trim and wash two heads of Cabbage. Cut them in quarters and cut out the stalks, then cut the leaves into fine shreds. Season with salt and pepper. Put into a saucepan half a po...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 7- Red Cabbage, German Style No. 318. - Trim and wash two heads of Cabbage, cut out the stalks, and cut the leaves into fine shreds. Put into a saucepan four ounces of butter, with two finely-chopped ...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 8- Cabbage Served With Broth, Garbure No. 323. - Trim and wash two young heads of Cabbage, cut them in half and remove the stalks. Parboil them in water, lightly salted, until three-quarters cooked. T...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 9- Sauer Kraut, How To Prepare For Cooking No. 328. - Before cooking the Bauer Kraut, soak it in fresh cold water for two hours. If it has a strong odor, change the water. When ready for cooking drain...
French Cabbage. Article XXX. Part 10- Sauer Kraut Baked With Fillet Of Soles No. 334. - Cook the quantity of Sauer Kraut necessary, as in No. 329. Drain it in a colander and press it dry. Then put it into a saucepan (to a pound of Saue...
Calabash, Or Common Gourds. Article XXXI- French German Citrouille ou Potiron. Kurbis. No. 336. - The Calabash is of the same family as the squash and pumpkin. The fruit, when young, is hairy on the outside, and quite soft and tender. T...
Calamint. Article XXXII- Calament ou Calamus. Kalaminth. No. 337. - Calamint is an aromatic root, of the Ornis variety, having a delicate, violet odor, and is used as a substitute to impart a violet flavor. To make the ...
Cantaloupe Or Persian Melons. Article XXXIII- Cantal up. Melone. No. 338 - Cantaloupes differ remarkably from the common varieties usually cultivated. They are destitute of the thick, hard rind which characterizes the common melons and which r...
French Capers. Article XXXIV- Capre. Kaper No. 350. - The Caper bush grows in warm climates. . The young buds are picked and then pickled for use. They are preferred when small, and of a bright green color. They have a warm, ar...
Capillary Or Venushair. Article XXXV- Capillaire. Frauenhaarsyrup. No. 353. - There are three varieties - the white, black, and Canadian - the latter kind being used most. They are diuretic, stomachic, and principally bechic. The Capil...
French Caraway. Article XXXVI- Carvi. Kummel. No. 355. - Caraway is a biennial plant of the parsley family. The seeds have an aromatic flavor and a warm pungent taste. Caraway is cultivated for its seeds, which are used by baker...
Cardoon. Article XXXVII- Cardon. Kardon. No. 357. - There are two kinds of Cardoons - the Spanish and the ordinary - of which there are several species - which are cultivated for the stems and midribs. The Spanish variety ...
Cardoon. Article XXXVII. Continued- Cardoons, With Cream Sauce No. 365. - Prepare and cook them the same as in No. 363, and when cooked drain them on a napkin. Dish them up and then pour over them a Cream sauce, to which add a spoonf...
French Carrot. Article XXXVIII- Carrote. Moehre. No. 373. - The Carrot is a biennial root, somewhat hardy, and is one of the most healthful and nutritious of garden roots. It is extensively used as a vegeteble for the table, and ...
French Carrot. Article XXXVIII. Part 2- Carrots Maitre D' Hotel No. 386. - Take three dozen young carrots and cut each one in half, then put them in water lightly salted, and when three quarters done, drain them. Put them in a saucepan w...
French Carrot. Article XXXVIII. Part 3- Carrots For Small Garniture, Olive-Shaped No. 393. - Cut as many Carrots as are needed, in olive shape, with a spoon cutter. Cook them the same as in No. 392, and when glazed add four spoonfuls of ...
French Carrot. Article XXXVIII. Part 4- Carrot Soup Puree, Crecy, For Fast Days No. 400. - Prepare it the same as in No. 399. Use vegetable consomme in place of chicken or veal broth. Carrots Pickled No. 401. - Use small young Carr...
French Caterpillar. Article XXXIX- Scorpiure. Baupenpflanzen. No. 404. - A hardy annual plant with creeping stems, that are about two feet in length. The seeds are produced in pods. No part of the plant is eatable, but the pods, in ...
Catnip. Article XL- Nepeta. Katzenkraut. No. 406. - This is a hardy perennial plant, well known as a mild nervine for infants. The plant should be pulled up by the roots when in full flower, and dried in the shade. ...
Catsup. Article XLI- Catsup. Catchup. No. 408. - Too much care cannot be taken in buying Catsup, as there are many spurious imitations made that are deleterious to health, often producing dyspepsia, etc. It is made of ...
French Cauliflower. Article XLII- (Choufleur. Blumen Kohl. No. 409. - The Cauliflower, like Brocoli, is an animal plant, being delicious in flavor. It requires a cool, moist atmosphere to bring it to perfection, and if this conditi...
French Cauliflower. Article XLII. Part 2- Cauliflower, Hollandaise No. 422. - Prepare the same as in No. 420. When cooked, drain them on a napkin. Put the Cauliflowers on a dish and put Hollan-daise sauce over them. If they are small an...
French Cauliflower. Article XLII. Part 3- Cauliflower Salad No. 429. - Boil two heads of Cauliflower in water lightly salted. When cold cut off the flowering buds, dividing them in small tufts. Put them in a salad bowl, season with salt an...
French Celeriac, Or Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII- Celeri Have. Knol Selleri. No. 434. - This variety has a brownish, irregular root, at the base of the leaves near the surface of the ground. It is much hardier than the common variety of celery. Th...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 2- Celeriac Stewed, With Allemande Or Cream Sauce No. 441. - Cut the Celeriac roots in scallops and prepare them the same way as Celery Nos. 464 and 465. The Use Of Celeriac Tops No. 442. - Cele...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 3- Culture No. 449. - Sow the seed in shallow boxes, or in a finely prepared bed out of doors, in straight rows, so that the small plants may be kept free from weeds. When about two inches high, thin ...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 4- Major Clark Pink No. 457. - There is a disposition to grow red or pink Celery in preference to the white, which is as it should be, for as regards the flavor the red and pink are far superior to th...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 5- Celery Stewed With Cream Sauce.' No. 465. - Prepare the Celery the same as in No. 464, and add Cream sauce in place of Allemande sauce. Instead of lemon juice add a few drops of meat glaze, and the...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 6- Celery, With White Or Brown Sauce No. 471.-When the Celery is cleaned, cut the tender parts in pieces half an inch long. Parboil them for five minutes, then immerse them in cold water and drain th...
Turnip Rooted Celery. Article XLIII. Part 7- Celery Puree, Preserved No. 476. - Clean and trim six heads of Celery, using only the white, tender part, and four Celery roots. Slice them all in small pieces and put them in a saucepan. Cover the...
French Centaury. Article XLV- Centaure'e. Tausendguldenkraut. No. 481. - This is a small annual herbaceous plant, which grows wild. It is about a foot high, having a branching stem which divides above into pairs, and bears oval...
Chamomile. Article XLVI- Camomille. Camomile. No. 482. - The single and double flowering Chamomile are propagated by slips, with a few of the small roots attached, both kinds being claimed as hardy perennials. In the North...
French Chervil. Article XLVII- Cerfeuil. Gartenkerbel. No. 484. - Chervil is an aromatic plant that is used for aromatizing certain dishes, but should be used with moderation in soups and salads. Culture No. 485. - Sow it ...
Chestnut. Article XLVIII- Chataigne. Kastanie. No. 487. - The Chestnut is the fruit of the chestnut tree. It contains a large proportion of sugary matter, and is eaten either green or roasted. It is used as a garniture with...
French Chick Pea, Or Egyptian Pea. Article XLIX- Chiche. Chich. No. 493. - The Chick Pea is a hardy annual plant, originally from the south of Europe. The stem is about three feet high, erect and branching. The pods are about an inch long, three-...
French Chickling Witch, Or Spanish Lentil. Article L- Gesse. Gesse. No. 498. - This is principally cultivated for its seeds, the flour from which is mixed with wheat flour or rye, and made into bread. The seeds are irregularly shaped and of a dun or b...
Chiccory, Or Succory. Article LI- Chiccoree. Cigorien. No. 499. - Chiccory is extensively used by Germans as a substitute for coffee, and large quantities of the prepared root are annually exported to this country for a similar pur...
Chinese Spinach. Article LII- Amarante. Amaranth. No. 501. - This is a hardy annual plant, originally from China. The stems are three feet high, having many branches that are prolific with green leaves variegated with red. They...
French Chinese Yam, Or Potato. Article LIII- Igname. Yam-wurzel. No. 502. - This is a most valuable esculent, little known in this country. It grows rapidly and has creeping habits. The flowers, which are white and grow in clusters, have a ci...
Chives, Or Welsh Onion. Article LIV- Cice ou Civette. Hohllauch. No. 503. - The Welsh Onion is a hardy perennial, said to have originated in Siberia. It is quite distinct from the common onion as it forms no bulbs, but produces numero...
French Common Chives. Article LV- Ciboulette. Schnittlauch. No. 506. - The Chive is a hardy, bulbous-rooted perennial plant. The leaves, which are produced in tufts, are seven or eight inches long, erect and cylindrical in shape. T...
Chufa, Or Earth Nut. Article LVI- Glan de terre. Erdnus. No. 508. - This is a perennial plant that originated in the south of Europe. The roots are long and fibrous, and produce at their extremities numerous oblong, jointed, pale b...
Cicely Sweet, Or Sweet-Scented Chervil. Article LVII- French German Cerfeuil odorant. Spanish Kerbel. No. 510. - This is a hardy perennial plant that is not cultivated to any extent. It is aromatic, but is seldom used for seasoning. ...
Cinnamon. Article LVIII- Cannelle. Zimmet. No. 511. - The tree which produces the Cinnamon is supposed to have come originally from the Island of Ceylon, and is called the Cinnamon tree, or Kerandee, by the natives there. ...
Clary. Article LIX- Sclar'ee. Scharlei. No. 512. - The leaves of this plant are sometimes used for flavoring certain soups. They impart a strong peculiar flavor, agreeable to some but unpleasant to most persons. It ha...
French Clavaria (a variety of Mushrooms). Article LX- Champignon. Champignon. No. 513. - There are several varieties of this fungus, all of which are edible and many are indigenous to our woods, being found in damp, shady places. For its preparation s...
Gerofle. Nelken.. Article LXI. Cloves- No. 514. - Cloves are principally used for culinary purposes, and also by confectioners and distillers. As their flavor is very strong they should always be used in moderation. In the Indies they make...
Cocoa. Article LXII- Coco ou Cocoa. Cacao. No. 515. - Cocoa is the fruit of the Cocoa tree, which grows in abundance in South America. The tree is about the size of a chestnut tree, and produces ribbed pods, which cont...
French Coffee. Article LXIII- Cafe. Kaffee. No. 524. - Coffee is produced on a small bushy tree. The flowers are odorous, and the fruit jelly-like, having two seeds. Coffee is said to have originated in Arabia, but is now culti...
French Coffee. Article LXIII. Continued- Remarks On Mixing Coffee No. 525. - Coffee is easy to make, but must be made with care. The principal point is not to have your Coffee beans ground or roasted too long before using, and to always u...
French Colt's-Foot, Common. Article LXIV- Tussilage. Huflattich. No. 532. - This is a hardy, herbaceous perennial plant. The leaves are small, radical, roundish and heart-shaped, and from five to seven inches in diameter. The plants blosso...
Coriander. Article LXV- Coriandre. Koriander. No. 534. - Coriander is a hardy, annual, aromatic plant, that is cultivated for its seeds, which have an agreeable taste, and are used by confectioners and distillers, and by ...
Corn Poppy, Or Coquelicot. Article LXVI- Ciquelite. Die Kornrose. No. 536. - This is a red flower, which grows wild in corn fields. The petals are separated and spread out to dry when they are gathered. Separate them if they adhere to eac...
French Corn Salad, Or Lamb Lettuce. Article LXVII- Mache. Lammersalat. No. 537. - This small salad is used during winter and spring as a substitute for lettuce. It is also prepared and cooked the same as spinach. The Corn Salad that grows natural i...
Corn. Article LXVIII- Mais. Mais, or Korn. No. 542. - The garden variety of Corn for table use, is distinct from the field Corn variety. It is much relished in this country, especially so when used in its fresh state. W...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 2- Moore's Early Concord Sweet No. 552. - This has large, full ears. The quality is unexceptionable. It is valuable as an intermediate variety. Black Mexican No. 553. - Although the ripe grain i...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 3- Chester County Mammoth No. 566. - A large, late variety, very popular in Pennsylvania. A sure and hardy cropper, but will not mature well in the extreme Northern States. It is one of the best of th...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 4- Corn, With Tomatoes No. 574. - Cut the grains from one dozen ears of Corn and put them into a saucepan with an equal quantity of peeled tomatoes cut into square pieces. Let them cook until the toma...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 5- Hulled Corn No. 581. - Hulled corn can be procured from dealers, and is best during the fall and winter. Its attractiveness lavs in its snowy whiteness. Put the quantity desired into a saucepan, wi...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 6- Corn Meal No. 587. - Corn Meal is finely ground corn, it is also called Indian Meal. There are two kinds of Corn Meal, the white and the yellow. The best variety of white Corn Meal is made from Blu...
Corn. Article LXVIII. Part 7- Crusts Of Poulainta, Milanaise Style No. 593. - Cook one pound of yellow Corn Meal in six pints of water, the same as in No. 591. Keep it stiff, and when cooked add six ounces of butter and four ou...
French Couch Grass. Article LXIX- Chiendent. Queckengrass. No. 599. - Couch Grass is a medicinal plant, of which there are several varieties. The root is the portion of the plant used in tisanes (diet drinks) and other decoctions. ...
Cos Lettuce, Or Romaine. Article LXX- Romaine. Bind Salat, or Furellen Salat. No. 600. - The Romaine, or Cos Lattuce, of which there are several varieties, is one of the most crisp and refreshing salads grown. (See article on Lettuce.)...
French Costmary, Or Alecost. Article LXXI- Tanaisie Barbodine. Frauenmunzz. No. 601. - Costmary is a hardy perennial plant with a creeping root, and an erect, branching stem from two to three feet in height. The radical leaves, which are pr...
Cranberry. Article LXXII- Canneberge. Moosbeere. No. 603. - The Cranberry is a trailing shrub, which grows wild in swampy meadows and on the borders of inland lakes. It can be improved, however, by planting in any moist soi...
French Cress, Or Pepper Grass. Article LXXIII- Cressm. Pillenfarn. No. 606. - Cress, or Pepper Grass, is a pungent salad, and is mostly used in mixing with other salads. Mixed with fine herbs it has a piquant, agreeable taste, and it should alw...
French Garden Cress. Article LXXIV- Cresson alenois des jardins. Kresse. No. 608. - This is one of the best plants in cultivation for herbs, and can be easily raised in pots or boxes. It runs quickly into seed and withers as soon as ...
Water Cress. Article LXXV- Cresson de Fontaine. Brunnen-Kresse. No. 609. - The Water Cress is a hardy, perennial, aquatic plant, growing abundantly along the margins of running streams, ditches and ponds. It is very easily i...
French Cucumber. Article LXXVI- Concombre. Gurke. No. 612. - There are many varieties of Cucumbers. They are eaten raw and are also cooked in various ways. When used in salads they should be sliced very fine and sprinkled with sa...
French Cucumber. Article LXXVI. Part 2- Cucumbers, With Cream Sauce No. 623. - Pare half a dozen Cucumbers, slice them in half and scoop out the seeds. Then cut them in scallops, all the same size, and put them into a bowl with cold wate...
French Cucumber. Article LXXVI. Part 3- Stuffed Cucumbers, Italian Style No. 628. - Prepare one dozen Cucumbers as in No. 627. Stuff them with a forced meat of roast chicken, into which add some fine chopped fresh mushrooms, and the same...
French Cucumber. Article LXXVI. Part 4- Puree Of Cucumbers, Patti Style No. 634. - Prepare one and a half dozen Cucumbers as in No. 633, and when they are parboiled drain them dry. Then put them into a saucepan with a piece of butter and...
French Cucumber. Article LXXVI. Part 5- Pickled Cucumbers (Pickles Or Gherkins) No. 641. - Select small and nicely shaped Cucumbers without any specks. Put them into a barrel of the size you intend filling. Put a layer of salt on each la...
French Cuckoo-Flower Cress. Article LXXVII- Cresson Elegant des pres. Kuckuksblume. No. 644. - This is a hardy, perennial plant, that is grown in the Northern and Southern States. The stem is about fifteen inches high, being erect and smooth...
Cumin. Article LXXVIII- Cumin. . Kummel. No. 645. - Cumin, though a native of Egypt, may be successfully grown in the Southern or Middle States. The plant is cultivated for its seed, which is carminative and is used the s...
Curry. Article LXXIX- Kari. Kari. No. 646. - Curry is a preparation made of spices that come from East India. It comes both as a powder and a paste. There are 10 many spurious imitations made here that are composed of g...
French Dandelion. Article LXXX- Pisse en lit. Louenzahn. No. 647. - Those who only know the Dandelion as the persistent weed in pastures and lawns (which is gathered for salads when young and green), know no more of its real valu...
French DILL. Article LXXXI- Aneth. Dill. No. 652. - Dill is a hardy biennial plant, and is cultivated for its seeds, which have an aromatic odor and a warm pungent taste. It is a corrective for flatulence and colic in infants...
Diet Drinks (Tisanes). Article LXXXII- Tisane. Diat Getriinke. No. 654. - It is the duty of every chief cook to know how to compound and prepare diet drinks, juleps and apozems. Diet drinks, or tisanes, are made for sick persons, to be ...
Diet Drinks (Tisanes). Article LXXXII. Continued- Colt's-Foot Diet Drink No. 658. - Put half an ounce of Colt's-foot roots in a pint of water, and let it boil a few minutes. Then take it from the fire and add two pinches of Colt's-foot flower. It ...
French Egg Plant. Article LXXXIII- Aubergine. Eierpflanze. No. 670. - The Egg Plant is a tender, annual plant, that originated in South America. When well grown and properly cooked, it is a delicious table vegetable. Its fruit resem...
French Egg Plant. Article LXXXIII. Part 2- Egg Plant, Breaded And Fried (American Style) No. 679. - Prepare the Egg Plants as in No. 678. Season them with salt and pepper, dip them in beaten eggs, and then in raspings of bread. Fry them in ...
French Egg Plant. Article LXXXIII. Part 3- Stuffed Egg Plant, Brazilian Style No. 685. - Prepare the Egg Plant the same as No. 683. Add to the stuffing four soup-spoonfuls of fine chopped capers, with two teaspoonfuls of anchovie paste. Ser...
French Egyptian Cucumber. Article LXXXIV- Concombre Egyptien. Egyptische Gurke. No. 690. - This is a tender annual plant, that is seldom cultivated in this country. The fruit is small, oblong, and very hairy, and is eaten either raw or coo...
Elderberries. Article LXXXV- Graine de Surreau. Hollunderbeere. No. 691. - The Elderberry tree is found in all parts of this country, the flowery buds and fruit being used. The flowery buds are used for diet drinks. Pick them ...
French Elecampane. Article LXXXVI- Aun'ee. Alantwurzel. No. 693. - Is a hardy, herbaceous, perennial plant, growing spontaneously in moist places and in the vicinity of gardens where it has once been cultivated. The stem is from thr...
Endive, Or Chicoree. Article LXXXVII- Chicor'ee ou Scarole. Endive, or Cichorie. No. 694. - The Endive, in its natural state, is very bitter, but when properly blanched its leaves make a fine salad, and coming as it does, after the Let...
Endive, Or Chicoree. Article LXXXVII. Continued- Endives With Veal Gravy No. 702. - When the Endives are prepared as in No. 699, chop them coarsely. Then put four ounces of butter in a saucepan, and when it is melted add two spoonfuls of flour. C...
French Farina. Article LXXXVIII- Farina. Farina. No. 709. - Farina is made from wheat or corn and is largely sold under the name of Semoule, which, however, is a different article. Farina was the first and principal food of the an...
French Farina. Article LXXXVIII. Continued- Farina Crusts Or Stands, Of Corn Meal, For Hot Or Cold Side Dishes No. 713. - These crusts or stands are made either with bread, rice or Farina. Those made with Farina are better than those with ri...
French Fecula. Article LXXXIX- Fecule. Fecit la. No. 719. - Fecula is the nutritious part of wheat, starch, farina or potatoes. It is used in sauces and soups, being devoid of flavor, and is nutritious, healthful and light. It c...
French Sweet Fennel. Article XC- Fenouil. Fenchel. No. 720. - Sweet Fennel is a hardy, perennial, aromatic plant, of which there are several varieties. The common, or bitter fennel, has strong, deep, fleshy roots, and the seeds ha...
French Flavors, Essences, And Extracts. Article XCI- Essence. Extrakt. No. 723. - Flavors, essences and extracts, are used by confectioners and pastry cooks, and for various culinary purposes, to impart an agreeable aroma, and are purchased in liquid...
Flour. Article XCII- Farine. Mehl. No. 725. - Flour is the finely ground meal of wheat or any other grain, and has many grades and varieties. It is much used for alimentary purposes, and the best should always be procu...
French Garbure. Article XCIII- Garbure. Garbur. No. 727. - Garbure is an old and popular soup in Gascony, France. It is composed principally of vegetables, the basis always being gratinated. For its preparation see the Book on S...
Garlic. Article XCIV- Ail. Knoblauch. No. 728. - Garlic is a bulbous rooted plant, having a strong, penetrating odor. The bulb is composed of many smaller bulbs called cloves. It is not popular with Americans, although ...
French Gherkin. Article XCV- Achars ou Cornichon. Essiggurke, or Pfeffergurke. No. 733. - The Gherkin is a native of the West Indies and is not a cucumber proper, but is a little rough, prickly fruit of comparatively small siz...
Ginger. Article XCVI- Gingembre. Ingwer. No. 734. - Ginger is an aromatic plant, a native of Hindostan, and is cultivated in all parts of India and China. The root is the portion in which the virtues of the plant reside...
French Globe Cucumber. Article XCVII- Concombre des Propfettes. Kugelgurke. No. 735. - The Globe Cucumber is a tender annual plant and is said to have originated in Arabia. The fruit is round and small, being thickly set with rigid bri...
Goosefoot, Or White Quinoa. Article XCVIII- Anserine. Kiebekraut. No. 736. - Is an annual plant propagated from seeds, and is from the southern part of the United States. There are three varieties: The white, the red, and the black. The whit...
French Graham Flour. Article XCIX- Graham Farine. Graham Mehl. No. 738. - Graham Flour is taken from the name of Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics, and is merely unbolted wheat. It is used in making bread, pastry and gruels,...
Herbs. Article C- Herbe. Kruuter. No. 740. - No garden is complete without a few Herbs for culinary or medicinal purposes, and care should be taken to harvest them properly. This should be done on a dry day, just be...
French Hollyhock, Or Rose Mallow. Article CI- Roses Tre'miere. Rosenpappel. No. 747. - Remove the flower from the stem before they are developed, then dry them thoroughly and put them in boxes in a dry place, free from dirt. Use them for for d...
Hoosung, Or Oosung. Article CII- Oosung. Adsung. * No. 748. - This is a lettuce-like plant from China, which is not cultivated much in this country, but is well known on the Pacific Coast. The succulent stem is the part used. T...
Hops. Article CIII- Houplon. Hop/en. No. 749. - Hops are considered a native product of this country, and are found in all parts of the United States. The roots are perennial, but the stems are annual. The bearing and...
Hoarhound. Article CIV- Marrube. Andorn. No. 753. - Hoarhound is a perennial herb with a strong aromatic odor and a bitter, pungent taste. It is a tonic and enters largely into the composition of cough syrups and lozenges...
Horse-Radish. Article CV- Raifort. Meerettig. No. 755. - Horse-radish is a plant having a root of a pungent taste, which when grated is much used as a condiment. There are two varieties, the wild and the cultivated. The lat...
Hyssop. Article CVI- Hysope. Isop.. No. 763. - Hyssop is a hardy perennial plant, having an aromatic flavor and a warm, pungent taste. It is a stimulant and expectorant, and is used in asthma and chronic catarrh. The f...
Indian Star Anise Seed. Article CVII- Anis Etoile ou Badiane. Sternanis. No. 765. - The tree from which this seed is procured grows in the Phillipine Islands and in China. The natives call it Pansi-Pansi. The seeds give an agreeable ta...
Japan Pea. Article CVIII- Puis Japonais. Japan Erbse. No. 766. - The Japan Pea is a native of Japan and the East Indies. The plant is strong and erect, with numerous spreading branches. The seed pods are small and downy, an...
French Jasmine. Article CIX- Jasmin. Jasmin. No. 768. - The flowers of the Jasmine are use by pastry cooks and confectioners for flavoring purposes. They are dried and put into bottles with spirits of wine. ...
Juniper. Article CX- Geni'evre. Wachholderbeere. No. 769. - The Juniper berry is the fruit of the Juniper tree. It is used for seasoning sour kraut and in cooking ham. It is also used by distillers for certain liquors....
Kale, Or Borecole. Article CXI- Chou-uert. Blatter-Kohl. No. 770. - Kale or Borecole are general terms applied to those classes of cabbages which do not form heads. Some of the varieties are the most tender and delicate, of any o...
French Lavender. Article CXII- Lavande. Lavendel. No. 779. - This is a hardy perennial, aromatic plant, common to the south of Europe. The flower yields an oil used in medicine and perfumery. The Spike-Lavender yields a coarser ...
Leek. Article CXIII- Poireau. Lauch. No. 780. - The Leek is a hardy biennial plant of the Onion family. It is, however, without a proper bulb, having, in the place of this a cylindrical body of succulent leaves, which ...
French Lentil, Or Lens. Article CXIV- Lentilles. Linse. No. 788. - This is a hardy annual plant, with an erect and angular branching stem, one foot and a half high. The pods are somewhat quadrangular, and enclose one or two lens-like s...
French Lettuce. Article CXV- Laitue. Lattichsalat. No. 800. - Lettuce is a hardy annual plant of Asiatic origin, and is always grown from seed. It may be had at all seasons of the year, but its quality is not always the same. ...
French Lettuce. Article CXV. Part 2- Hanson No. 807. - This is a very fine heading variety, of large size, and stands the sun better than any other sort. The heads are large, solid, sweet, tender, and crisp throughout, and are devoid ...
French Lettuce. Article CXV. Part 3- Lettuce Braized, German Style No. 818. - Prepare the Lettuce as in No. 817, and when cooked drain them on a napkin and sponge off the grease. Then dish them up and pour over them some Allemande sau...
French Lettuce. Article CXV. Part 4- Lettuce With Consomme (Garbure) Gratinated Crusts With Lettuce No. 825. - Trim one dozen heads of Lettuce, wash them well in cold water and then parboil them for ten minutes. Then immerse them i...
French Licorice.. Article CXVI- R'eglisse. S'ushols-Barenzuker. No. 830. - Licorice is a hardy perennial plant, the root of which abounds with a sweet juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions. It has fleshy, creeping roo...
Lima Beans. Article CXVII- Fe've Bohue. No. 832. - The Lima Bean is one of the latest and most tender of garden beans. The stem is about ten feet high, and the leaves are smooth, shiny and narrow, yet comparatively long. The...
French Lime Tree, Or Linden Tree. Article CXVIII- Tilleul. Die Lind. No. 836. - The Lime, or Linden Tree, bears a fruit allied to the lemon, but smaller and more intensely sour. It is a handsome tree and is found in all warm climates. It has panic...
Angelique a feuille-d'ache. Lieb stockel.. Article CXIX. Lovage- No. 837. - Lovage is a hardy perennial plant having a hollow, branching stem six or seven feet high. It has smooth, deep green, glossy leaves, that somewhat resemble those of celery. The roots are lar...
Lupin. Wolfsbohne.. Article CXX. Lupine- No. 839. - Lupine is a leguminous plant, having a strong, erect, branching habit. It is not cultivated for food, but the white and yellow Lupine are grown for their farinaceous seeds. The pods ...
French Mace. Article CXXI- Macis. Muskatenbluthe. No. 840. - Mace is the second coat, or aril, which covers the nutmeg ; a thin and membranaceous substance, of an oleaginous nature and yellowish color, being in flakes, divid...
Madras Radish. Article CXXII- Radis (Madras). Retdij (Madras). No. 841. - The Madras Radish is generally cultivated for its pods, which are sometimes twelve inches in length. They are solid, crisp, and tender, and when young th...
French Mallow - Curled Leaved. Article CXXIII- Mauve. Malve. No. 842. - Mallow is an annual plant that was introduced from Europe, and which grows spontaneously in gardens when once cultivated. The stems are frequently more than six feet in hei...
Maranta, Or Arrow-Root Plant. Article CXXIV- Arrow-root. Arrow-mehl. No. 843. - This is a genus of plants found in tropical America, and some species also in India. They have tuberous roots containing a large amount of starch, and from one sp...
French Marjoram. Article CXXV- Marjolaine. Marjoram. No. 846. - Marjoram is a perennial aromatic plant, somewhat hardy, but not hardy enough to endure the winter in the North. When the plants are in bloom they are cut and dried ...
French Marsh Mallow. Article CXXVI- Guimauve. Sammetpappel. No. 852. - This is a plant that is common in marshes near the sea shore. The flowers are used for diet drinks (tisanes), and should be picked with care before the rising of ...
French Melilot. Article CXXVII- Melilot. Mellilot. No. 853. - This is a plant having yellow flowers, of a peculiar odor and flavor, resembling the Tonqua bean. It is put in a faggot when roasting or stewing rabbits or hares, to i...
Mint. Article CXXVIII- Menthe. Garten Munze. No. 854. - Mint is a hardy perennial aromatic plant, producing, by distillation, a highly odoriferous and pungent essential oil. It is generally cultivated in gardens, but gro...
French Morel. Article CVXXIX- Morille. Morchel. No. 858. - In its natural state the Morel is found growing in orchards, in damp woods, and in moist pastures. There are several varieties, all of which are edible. It is about fou...
French Mullen, Or Mullein. Article CXXX- Molene ou Bouillon blanc . Wnllkrout. No. 866. - Mullen is a field plant. Its leaves and flowers have been employed as remedial agents. They have a slight odor and a mucilaginous, bitterish, feeble...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI- Champignon ou Mousseron. Champignon, or Ertshwamm. No. 867. - The Mushroom is one of a large class of cryptogamic plants of the natural order of fungi. The name is sometimes popularly restricted to...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 2- The Common Mushroom No. 869. - When the common Mushroom first appears it has a white color, is of a roundish button-like form, and apparently rests on the surface of the ground. When fully develope...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 3- The Fairy King No. 875. - This Mushroom is found growing in rings, and has a pileus of a brownish ochre color, which changes to a paler cast as it grows, until it gradually fades into a rich, cream...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 4- Puree Of Mushrooms No. 881. - Wash and clean two pounds of Mushrooms as in No. 876, and put them in a saucepan with a piece of butter and the juice of half a lemon. Set the saucepan on a brisk fire...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 5- Use Of Trimmings And Peelings No. 886. - When the trimmings, peelings and stems of the Mushrooms are carefully washed, dry them well and chop them fine. Then put a piece of butter and some fine cho...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 6- Mushrooms Baked In Shells No. 891. - Prepare the Mushrooms the same as in No. 890, and when the sauce is well reduced, fill some buttered silver shells with the Mushrooms. Then sprinkle fresh bread...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 7- Mushrooms, Bordelaise For Boletus, Or Cepes No. 897. - Imported Boletus, or Cepes, are much superior to those grown here, and are packed in oil in tin cans. Put one dozen Cepes in an omelette...
Mushrooms. Article CXXXI. Part 8- Mushrooms In Shells, Russian Style No. 902. - Put a piece of butter and a little finely chopped onion in a saucepan and fry them lightly. Then add one pound of Mushrooms (previously washed and trim...
French Musk Melon. Article CXXXII- Melon Muscat. Melon. No. 908. - This is a delicious species of melon; so called on account of its musky fragrance. Owing to the great facility with which the various kinds intermix or hybridize, th...
French Musk Melon. Article CXXXII. Continued- Skillman' S Fine Netted No. 917. - This is one of the earliest sorts, somewhat resembling the pine apple. It is firm and almost round, being slightly flattened at the ends. The flesh is green, juic...
French Mustard. Article CXXXIII- Moutarde. Senf. No. 924. - There are five kinds of Mustard, the plant and the seed having a pungent taste. A condiment is made from the ground seeds, which are also used as remedial agents, being u...
French Nasturtium. Article CXXXIV- Capucine. Indishe Kresse. No. 936. - This is a climbing plant, which, though generally treated as an annual, is a tender perennial. It has peltate leaves and spurred flowers of a vivid yellow or or...
French Nettle. Article CXXXV- Ortie. Nessel. No. 942. - The common Nettle is a hardy, herbaceous perennial, which grows naturally and in abundance by the wayside, but it is seldom seen where people have not been at work; hence ...
French New Zealand Spinach. Article CXXXVI- Epinart (Belle dame). Spinat No. 943. - This Spinach is quite distinct from the common garden Spinach, varying essentially in its general habit. It is a hardy annual plant, and is more productive t...
Nutmeg. Article CXXXVII- Muscade (Noix). Muskatennus. No. 944. - The Nutmeg tree is about thirty feet high, with numerous branches, and an aspect somewhat resembling that of the orange tree. The leaves stand alternately on...
French Oak, Common Wall Germander. Article CXXXVIII- Petits Che'ne. Baumgamander. No. 945. - The Oak Germander is a small perennial European plant, the leaves and tops of which have an agreeable aromatic odor, diminished by drying, and a bitter, some...
French Oats. Article Cxxx1x- Farine D' Avoine. Hafermehl. No. 946. - The common white Oat is specifically distinguished by its loose panicle, its two-seeded glumes, and its smooth seeds, one of which is awned. It is cultivated...
French Okra, Or Gumbo. Article CXL- Gumbo. Ocher. No. 955. - Okra is an annual plant from the West Indies and South America, and is largely raised in the Southern States. It is cultivated for its green seed pods, which are used in so...
French Onions. Article CXLI- Oignon. Zwiebeln. No. 968. - The Onion is a half-hardy biennial plant. The roots and leaves, however, are annual, as they usually perish during the first year. The bulbs, for which the plant is gen...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 2- How To Keep Onions Through The Winter No. 971. - It is essential for the preservation of Onions to keep them dry, to have thorough ventilation, and to keep them free from frost. One of the most pop...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 3- Large Mexican No. 981. - This variety attains a diameter of six inches, and weighs from three to four pounds. It is usually eaten raw, having white, coarsely-grained flesh of mild flavor. The skin ...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 4- Fried Onions No. 991. - Peel three or four Onions, cut off the roots and stems slice them crosswise and with the finger detach the rings. Season with salt, flour them and mix them well together. Pu...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 5- Puree Of Onions (Brown Soubise) No. 996. - Peel one dozen large red Onions, cut them in halves, trim off the ends and slice them fine. Then parboil them for two minutes, immerse them in cold water ...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 6- Small Onions Baked For Garniture, Spanish Style No. 1002. - Select two dozen small white Onions of equal size. Put them in a pan and bake them without peeling. When they are three-quarters done, pe...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 7- Onion Soup No. 1009. - Peel and trim the ends of three medium sized Onions, cut them in halves, and slice them finely. Then put them in a saucepan with a piece of butter, and fry them to a light br...
French Onions. Article CXLI. Part 8- Soup-Puree Of Onions, Bretonne Style No. 1013. - Peel six large red Onions and slice them finely. Put them in a saucepan with a piece of butter, and let them cook slowly until they are nicely brown...
French Orach Or Mountain Spinach. Article CXLII- Arroche. Orrach. No. 1019. - Orach is a hardy annual plant. The leaves are variously shaped, somewhat oblong, comparatively thin and slightly aciduous to the taste. They are prepared for the table ...
French Orris, Or Iris Root. Article CXLIII- Iris, or Fleur de Lis. Irris. No. 1027. - This is a genus of bulbous or tuberous rooted plants, the roots of which have an agreeable odor, resembling that of violets. The best variety comes from Fl...
Oxalis (Tuberous Rooted Wood Sorrel). Article CXLIV- Oxalis. Oxalis No. 1028. - This is a perennial plant that is cultivated in Mexico and the Southern part of the Pacific Coast. The stalk is one foot in height, with smooth and branching leaves, four...
French Pak-Choi. Article CXLV- Pak Choi. Pakchoi. No. 1030. - Pak-Choi is an annual plant, a native of China. The root leaves are oval, regular, smooth and deep green, with long, naked, fleshy, white stems, somewhat similar to t...
Palmate-Leaved Rhubarb. Article CXLVI- Rhubarbe des Moines. Rhaharber. No. 1031. - This species is readily distinguished by its deeply divided or palmate leaves, and is the variety from which the dried root chiefly used in medicine, is ...
Palm Cabbage. Article CXLVII- Choux Palmiste. Palm Kohl. No. 1032. - This variety of Cabbage is very popular in Holland, but in this country it is only grown in gardens. When young it is very tender, and is prepared the same as...
Parsley. Article CXLVIII- Perail. Petersilie. No. 1033. - Parsley is one of the most useful vegetables. Its leaves are used in cookery for garnishing and flavoring purposes, and its roots are used in medicine as an aperient...
French Parsnips. Article CXLIX- Panais. Pastinake. No. 1043. - The Parsnip is a hardy biennial plant that is much cultivated in this country. The roots are considered healthful and are esteemed for their delicate and pleasant fla...
French Patience. Article CL- Patience. Gartenampfer. No 1053. - A hardy perennial plant, not cultivated much in this country. When fully developed it is from four to five feet high. The leaves, which are large, long and broad ...
French Pea-Nut. Article CLI- Arachis. Erdnus. No. 1054. - The Pea-nut is an annual plant, a native of Central America and Africa. The stem, when full grown, is about fourteen inches in height. The leaves are primate, with four...
French Peas. Article CLII- Pois. Erbsen. No. 1059. - The Pea is a hardy annual plant, and its cultivation is almost universal. The green Pea is a delicious vegetable, and is highly esteemed for its flavor and taste. To have ...
French Peas. Article CLII. Part 2- Early Tom Thumb No. 1064. - The seeds are small and round, but are not always of good quality. Blue Peter No. 1065. - One of the best of the dwarf varieties, and a great producer. The seeds a...
French Peas. Article CLII. Part 3- Dwarf Gray Sugar No. 1079. - This is an early, prolific variety, and grows about two feet in height. The pods are broad, flat and crooked, containing about six Peas, of a dark brown color, that are...
French Peas. Article CLII. Part 4- Green Peas With Bacon No. 1086. - Cut into small square pieces a quarter of a pound of lean bacon (previously parboiled for two minutes), and put them into a saucepan. Add three pounds of green Pea...
Pennyroyal. Article CLIII- Pouliot. Polei. No. 1095. - Pennyroyal possesses a warm, pungent, aromatic taste, and is used exclusively for medical purposes. An infusion of the leaves is stimulating, sudorific, tonic and benefi...
Pepper. Article CLIV- Poivre el Piment. Pfeffer. No. 1096. - There are many varieties of Pepper, both annual and perennial, the latter being of a shrubby or woody character, and as it is a tropical plant, it is tender. ...
Pepper. Article CLIV. Part 2- Chili Peppers Preserved In Vinegar No. 1107. - Select small Chili Peppers, all of the same size, cut the ends and put the Peppers into pint bottles. Fill them to cover with wine vinegar, cork the b...
Pepper. Article CLIV. Part 3- How To Make Red Pepper No. 1113. - The pods of the cherry Peppers will furnish a quality Of Cayenne Pepper superior to that ordinarily sold. The larger and milder kinds are powdered in the same man...
Peppermint. Article CLV- Menth Poivree. Pfeffermunze. No. 1121. - Peppermint is a hardy perennial plant introduced into this country from Europe. It grows naturally and abundantly along the banks of small streams and in ri...
French Pe Tsai. Article CLVI- (Choux Pitsai. Chinesichen Kohl. No. 1122. - This is an annual plant, a native of China. The leaves are of an oval form, rounded at the ends, somewhat blistered on the surface, and at the center ar...
Pickles. Article CIVII- Comichon. Essiggurken- No. 1123 - Small cucumbers are best for pickling, and for this purpose they must be plucked young, when they attain the proper size. The fruit should not be permitted to ripe...
French Picridium. Article CLVIII- Picridium. Picridium. No. 1126. - A hardy biennial plant, from the southern part of Europe. The stem is eighteen inches high, and the leaves about eight inches long, irregular in form and generally...
Poke, Or Pigeon Berry. Article CLIX- Sachet. Poke. No. 1127.-A hardy, herbaceous perennial plant, common by the roadside in waste places, and springing up spontaneously on newly burned pine lands. It has a branching, purplish stem, an...
French Poppy. Article CLX- Pavot. Mohnsamen. No. 1129. - A hardy annual plant, growing naturally in various parts of this country.. It is cultivated for its seeds, which give an oil of very agreeable flavor, that is used for...
Portugal Cabbage. Article CLXI- Choux Portugais. Portugal Kohl. No. 1131. - A variety of Cabbage quite distinct from the common head sorts. The stalk is short and thick; the outer leaves are large, roundish, of a dark bluish-gree...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII- Pomme de terre. Kartoffeln. No. 1132. - The Potato is an esculent and farinaceous plant, and a native of South America. In its wild, natural state, the tuber rarely exceeds an inch in diameter, and...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 2- Early Mayflower No. 1134. - Ripens very early, and in quality is claimed to be equal to the Snowflake. It is, in fact, a cross between the Snow-flake and Peachblow. The tubers are of medium size an...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 3- Mammoth Pearl No. 1149. - The skin is white, the tubers medium in size, and the eyes are quite even with the surface. An excellent variety for table use, being exceedingly floury and well flavored....
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 4- Steamed Potatoes No. 1158. - Steamed Potatoes are preferred by some to boiled Potatoes, and those that are not of the best quality will be found better when steamed than boiled. Have a small boiler...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 5- Stewed Potatoes, Bret0nne Style No. 1163. - Put into a saucepan two finely sliced onions, with a piece of butter, and fry them lightly. Then add two soup-spoonfuls of flour, and let them cook for f...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 6- Baked Hashed Potatoes, With Cream No. 1169. - Prepare the Potatoes as in No. 1167, and when the cream is nearly reduced, add two spoonfuls of Cream sauce and season with salt, pepper and a pinch of...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 7- Potatoes Tossed In Butter (Saute.) No. 1174. - Slice half a dozen boiled Potatoes and put them into a frying pan with two spoonfuls of clarified butter. Season with salt and pepper and toss them ov...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 8- Baked Mashed Potatoes No. 1182. - Prepare the Potatoes as in No. 1181, adding a little less milk. Put them in a buttered baking dish, and arrange them in shape nicely with a knife. Baste them with ...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 9- Potato Balls, Margot Style No. 1189. - Prepare the Potatoes as in No. 1185. Add an equal quantity of finely chopped braised veal, beef or lamb. Season with salt and pepper, and add a little finely ...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 10- Fried Potatoes, Parisian Style No. 1196. - With a spoon cutter made for the purpose, cut out of two dozen peeled Potatoes, some round pieces about the size of a large marble. Keep them in cold wate...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 11- Potato Balls For Soups (Quenelles) No. 1204. - Bake half a dozen Potatoes, and when done cut them in halves, scoop out the centre and rub them, while hot, through a sieve. Then put the puree in a p...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 12- Potatoes For Borders No. 1207. - Pare two dozen Potatoes and then boil or steam them. When done pound them through a colander, add a piece of butter and season with salt, pepper and nutmeg. Mix the...
French Potatoes. Article CLXII. Part 13- Potato Salad, With Truffles No. 1211. - Cut the Potatoes with a round cutter about one inch and a quarter in diameter. Slice them finely and put them into a salad bowl with sliced truffles that hav...
French Pumpkin. Article CLXIII- Potiron gourge ou Citrouille. Kurbis. No. 1214. - The Pumpkin is now rarely used as a vegetable, having been superseded by the squash, which being finer grained and more highly flavored, is more ac...
French Purslain German. Article CLXIV- Pourpier. Portulak. No. 1224. - Purslain is a hardy annual plant, the cultivated varieties of which are an improvement over the common Purslain. The stem is tender and succulent, and is usually abo...
Radish. Article CLXV- Radis. Rettig. No. 1226. - The Radish is cultivated for its roots, which should always be eaten in their raw state when quite young, as they are apt to be pithy and tough when full grown. The young...
Radish. Article CLXV. Continued- Long Salmon No. 1238. - This is similar to the scarlet variety and appears about the same time. Long Purple No. 1239. - The root is long, considerable of it growing above the ground. The skin...
French Rampion. Article CLXVL- Raiponce. Die Rapunzel. No. 1258. - The Rampion is a biennial plant, the wild variety being known as the Primrose. The leaves are long, narrow and pointed. The roots are white, of fusi-form, and fl...
Rampion, Or German Or Evening Primrose. Article CLXVII- French German Primevere. Schlusselblume. No. 1260. - This is a hardy biennial plant that grows abundantly on the roadsides in this country. The roots, which are the only parts used, are, when fu...
Rape. Article CLXVIII- Colza. Rubsamen. No. 1262. - This plant is cultivated for its seed, from which Rape seed oil is obtained. The seed is also used as food for canary birds, and the leaves for salad, when mixed with c...
French Red Cabbage. Article CLXIX- Choux Rouge. Rothkohl or Blaukraut. No. 1268. - The Red Cabbage is similar to the white variety in shape, but its color is red or bluish-red. It is preferred by some to the white cabbage. For its c...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX- Rhubarbe. Rhabarber. No. 1269. - Rhubarb is a perennial plant, and is cultivated almost exclusively for its leaf stalks. The root leaves are large, round, heart-shaped, and deep green in color, bei...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 2- Rhubarb Wine No. 1277. - Cut half a pound of Rhubarb roots into small pieces, put them in an earthen jar, and moisten them with one quart of wine spirits (alcohol). Six days later add one gallon of...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 3- Steamed Rice No. 1283. - Rice is the same, either steamed or boiled, differing only in the mode of cooking. Wash and drain the Rice and put it in a saucepan or a can. Pour over it twice as much col...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 4- Rice With Curry No. 1288. - Chop one onion finely, put it into a saucepan with a piece of butter, and fry it lightly. Then add two soup-spoonfuls of Curry powder and a pint of broth, and when it bo...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 5- Rice, Parisian Style No. 1294. - Wash one pound of Rice in cold water, and drain it. Then put it into a saucepan with three quarts of boiling water, and add a little salt and the juice of three lem...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 6- Risotti, Florentine Style No. 1298. - Chop one white onion finely, and put it into a saucepan with a piece of butter and four ounces of marrow cut into small pieces. Fry it lightly and then add one...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 7- Rice Soup, Indian Style No. 1304. - Prepare four quarts of thickened chicken broth as described in the Book on Soups, set it on the side of the fire to boil slowly for half an hour and skim it well...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 8- Cream Of Rice, Langtry Style No. 1300. - Wash one pound of Rice and put it in a saucepan with four quarts of cold water. Set it on the fire to boil for two minutes, stirring it occasionally. Then i...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 9- Small Crusts (Or Croustades) Of Rice No. 1313. - Wash two pounds of Rice, put it in a saucepan and pour over it twice as much chicken broth as there is Rice. Then season with salt, add a piece of b...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 10- Timbals Of Rice No. 1320. - Cook three pounds of Rice as in Nos. 129S or 1299, having it somewhat firmer. Butter the Timbal or Charlotte moulds with clarified butter, and place them in a cool place...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 11- Rice Fritters (Subrics) No. 1323. - Wash one pound of Rice in cold water, parboil it for two minutes, immerse it in cold water, and drain it in a sieve. Then put it in a saucepan, and pour twice as...
Rhubarb. Article CLXX. Part 12- Rice Cake, Glazed No. 1327. - Prepare the Rice as in No. 1324, and, when it is cooked, put it in a pan to cool. Then add four whole raw eggs, the yolks of four more raw eggs, and six ounces of ston...
Rocambole. Article CLXXII- Rocambole. Rocambole. No. 1332. Rocambole is a half-hardy perennial plant, and is a native of Denmark. They partake of the character of the shallot and garlic, and should always be dipped in boilin...
French Rocket. Article CLXXIII- Roquette. Winterkresse. No. 1334. - Rocket is a hardy, annual plant, a native of the, south of Europe. The leaves are long, lobed, smooth, glossy, succulent and tender, and are eaten when young as ...
French Rosemary. Article CLXXIV- Romarin. Rosmarin. No. 1336. - Rosemary is a half-hardy, shrubby plant, with a fragrant odor, and a warm, aromatic, bitter taste. The leaves vary in form and color in the different varieties. It is...
French Rue. Article CLXXV- Rue. Haute. No. 1342. - This is a hardy, perennial plant, having a peculiar odor. The leaves are bitter and so acrid as to blister the skin. It is a stimulant and anti-spasmodic, but must be used w...
Ruta-Baga - Russian Or Sweedish Turnip. Article CLXXVI- Navet Rave. Stechrube. No. 1345. - The Ruta-baga, or Russian Turnip, is extensively grown for a farm crop. The roots are closely grained and very hard, and will endure a considerable degree of cold...
French Rye. Article CLXXVII- Seigle. Korn-Roggen. No. 1350. - Eye is a hardy (secale cereal) plant and is closely allied to wheat. The grain is ground into flour and constitutes a large portion of breadstuff. The Rye flour is ...
French Saffron. Gemini). Article CLXXVIII- Safran. Saffran. No. 1352. - The common cultivated Saffron is a perennial plant. It is cultivated for its flowers, which are large, of a beautiful lilac color, and are used in dyeing, and to make t...
French Sage. Article CLXXIX- Sauge. Salbei. No. 1354. - This is a hardy, perennial plant, possessing some medicinal properties. It is cultivated principally for use as a condi-ment, and is used more extensively than any other ...
French Sago. Article CLXXX- Sayou. Sago. No. 1361. - Sago is a dry, granulated starch that is imported from the East Indies. It is the prepared pith of the Sago and other palms. Numerous trees in the East Indies and on the co...
French Salad Garnitures. Article CLXXXI- Fonmiture de Salade. Salat Krouter. No. 1366. - Salad garnitures comprise the many pungent and aromatic herbs that are mixed with, or added to, green salads in small quantities. The following is a ...
Salsify, Or Oyster Plant. Article CLXXXII- Salsifis. Haferwurzel. No. 1367. - Salsify is a hardy biennial plant, and is principally cultivated for its roots, the flavor of which resembles that of oysters. The leaves are long and grass-like....
French Salep. Article CLXXXIII- Salep or Saloop. Salep. No. 1378. - Salep is a small, oval, irregular or oblong tuber of a yellowish color, a feeble odor and a mild mucilaginous taste. It is one of the numerous species of the gen...
French Salt. Article CLXXXIV- Sel. Sulz. No. 1380. - This mineral production, so necessary to mankind, is universally distributed over the globe. Most animals have an instinctive relish for it, and from its frequent presence in...
Salt-Petre. Article CLXXXV- Salpetre. Salpeter. No. 1381. - Salt-petre, or nitre, is both a natural and an artificial product. Its quality varies considerably. That which comes in yellow crystals is called crude salt-petre; w...
Samphire, Or Sea-Fennel. Article CLXXXVI- Crete marine. Meerfenchel. No. 1382. - This is a half-hardy perennial plant that is common to rocky localities on the sea-coast. The stalk, which is from one to two feet in height, is tender and su...
French Savory. Article CLXXXVII- Sarrielte. Saturei. No. 1385. - Savory is a perennial plant, with a rigid, angular, branching stem, about one foot and a half high. The leaves, when bruised, emit a strong, pleasant, mint-like odor...
French Savoy Cabbage. Article CLXXXVIII- Chou Savoy. Savoyer or Mailander. No. 1390. - This variety of Cabbage is a native of Italy. They are distinguished from the common head Cabbage by their peculiarly wrinkled or blistered leaves. The...
Scorzonara, Or Black Salsify. Article CLXXXIX- Scorsonere. Haferwurzel. No. 1391. - This is a hardy, perennial plant. The root is tapering, slender and about one foot in length and an inch in diameter across the crown; the skin is grayish-black...
French Scurvy Grass. Article CXC- Cochlearia. Loffelkraut. No. 1393. - This is a hardy, annual, maritime plant, common to the sea-coast. The root-leaves, which spread regularly from a common center, are heart-shaped, fleshy, smooth...
Sea Beet. Article CXVI- Bette. Mangold No. 1394. - This is a hardy, perennial plant. It is cultivated exclusively for its leaves, which are the only part of the plant eater, They are an excellent substitute for spinach, a...
French Sea-Kale. Article CXCII- Choux Marins ou Crambe Maritime. Seekohl, or Meerkohl. No. 1396. - Sea-Kale is a favorite vegetable in the Southern States. The young shoots that appear in spring are the parts eaten, but they are ...
Semoule. Article CXCIII- Semoule. Semoule. No. 1402. - Semoule is a paste similar to vermicelli, but comes in small hard grains. It is made from the whitest part of wheat flour, and in America is largely sold under the nam...
French Shallot, Or Eschalot. Article CXCIV- Echalote. Schalotte. No. 1406. - The Shallot is a native of Palestine, and is used in the same manner as the onion, or garlic. The root of the plant is composed of several small bulbs united at the...
French Shepherd's Purse. Article CXCV- Cupselle. Tuschelkraut. No. 1412. - This is a hardy annual plant that grows naturally in gardens. The root leaves spread out from a common centre, and in good soil attain a length of about eight in...
French Sieva, Or Small Lima Bean. Article CXCVI- Sieve (Petite F'eve). Bohne. No. 1414. - The Sieva is a variety of the Lima Bean, the plant attaining a height of ten feet. The pods are small and uniform in size, generally about three inches long...
Skirret. Article CXCVII- Berle Chervi. Zuckerwurzel. No. 1416. - Skirret is a hardy perennial plant that is cultivated for its roots, which are produced in bunches at the crown or neck of the plant. They are oblong and fle...
Snake Or Serpent Cucumber. Article CXCVIII- French German Concombre Serpentine. Schlangengurke. No. 1417. - This resembles the musk-melon in its manner of growth and in the color and taste of the ripe fruit, which is slender and flexuous....
Sorrel. Article CXCIX- Oseille. Sauerampfer. No. 1419. - Sorrel is a hardy perennial plant. The species as well as the varieties differ to a considerable extent in height and general habit, yet their usage is nearly the ...
Sorrel. Article CXCIX. Continued- Sorrel Puree, With Sauce, For Garnitures No. 1429. - Prepare and cook the Sorrel as in No. 1426, and when it is rubbed through the sieve, put it in a saucepan with four spoonfuls of Allemande sauce...
French Southerwood, Or Balm-Mint. Aurome Citronnelle. Stabwurz.. Article CC- No. 1434. - This is a hardy shrubby plant, which is propagated by dividing the roots. The leaves, which are pale-green in color, are divided into narrow, thread-like segments, and have a strong, resin...
French Spanish Oyster Plant. Article CCI- Salsifis. Haferwurz. No. 1435. - This is generally treated as an annual plant when cul-tivated. The roots are almost white, fleshy, long and tapering in their general form. When they are bruised, a...
Spearmint. Article CCII- Menthe Verte. Frauenmunze. No. 1437. - Spearmint is a hardy perennial plant, and is generally cultivated in gardens, but grows naturally about springs of water, and in rich, wet localities. It may ...
French Spices. Article CCIII- Epice. Wurze. No. 1438. - Spices are used to season, aromatize and enrich numerous culinary preparations. They are all vegetable substances with the exception of salt. Their importance cannot be ov...
French Spinach Or Spinage. Article CCIV- Epinard. Spinat. No. 1445. - Spinach is a hardy annual plant, and is said to be of Asiatic origin. The leaves and young stems are the only parts of the plant that are used, being extremely wholesom...
French Spinach Or Spinage. Article CCIV. Continued- Spinach With Gravy, French Style No. 1455. - Prepare and cook the Spinach as in No. 1452, and chop it finely. Then put four ounces of butter in a saucepan and, when it is melted, add two soup-spoon...
French Squash. Article CCV- Courge. Kuerbis. No. 1463. - The Squash is one of the most nutritious and valuable of all garden vegetables. The summer varieties appear early, and are very palatable, while the winter sorts can be...
French Squash. Article CCV. Part 2- Autumn And Winter Varieties Autumnal Marrow Squash No. 1472. - The fruit is pointed at the extremities, and the stem is large and fleshy. The skin is thin and easily bruised or broken, having a ...
French Squash. Article CCV. Part 3- Vegetable Marrow Squash No. 1483. - The skin is hard, and of a pale yellow color when perfectly ripe. The flesh is white, tender and succulent, even until the seeds are ripe, and may be used in any...
Strawberry Tomato, Or Alkekengi. Article CCVI- French German Tomate (fraise.) Lieberapfel Erdbeere. No. 1495. - This is a hardy annual plant common to the Southern States. They are prolific and will thrive in almost any kind of soil. The fru...
French Sweet Potatoes. Article CCVII- Palate. Beaten. No. 1498. - The Sweet Potato is a native of the East and West Indies, where it grows natural as a perennial plant, but when cultivated it is always treated as an annual. They thrive...
French Sweet Potatoes. Article CCVII. Continued- Yellow Skinned, Or Yellow Carolina No. 1506. - This is a favorite variety in North and South Carolina. The tubers are from six to ten inches long, smooth, and of a yellowish color. The flesh is yel...
Swiss Chard, Or Sea Kale Beet. Article CCVIII- French German Garde Poire'e. Yunge Mangoldpflanze. No. 1517. - The Swiss Chard, Silver or Sea Kale Beet, is a distinct vegetable, and is much superior to the common beet for greens. If sown at t...
Tansy. Article CCIX- Tanaisie. Wurmkraut. No. 15l8. - Tansy is a hardy, herbaceous, perennial plant. The stem is about three feet high. The leaves are finely toothed and divided on the margin, and of a rich, deep green...
French Tapioca, Or Manioca. Article CCX- Tapioca, or Manioca. Tapioca. No. 1519. - Tapioca is a coarsely granular substance obtained by heating, and thus partly changing the moistened starch obtained from the roots of the Janipha manihot,...
French Tarragon. Article CCXI- Estragon. Dragun. No. 1521. - Tarragon is a hardy perennial plant, originally from Siberia. It is cultivated for its young shoots and leaves, the latter being long-pointed, smooth and aromatic. Bot...
Tea. Article CCXII- The. Thee. No. 1525. - The Tea plant is a native of China and Japan, being cultivated extensively in both countries. In Japan it forms hedge-rows around the rice and cornfields; in China, whence im...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII- Thym. Thymian. No. 1532. - There are two species of Thyme cultivated for culinary purposes: the Common Garden, and the Lemon or Evergreen Thyme, both of which are hardy perennial plants, having a s...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 2- The Cardinal No. 1539. - In color it is remarkable, coloring right up to the calyx; and every specimen is of one color, and that is the most brilliant cardinal red, very glossy, and looking, when r...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 3- Fejee No. 1550. - The fruit is either a bright red or pinkish color, very firm, well flavored, and is a good late Tomato. Arlington No. 1551.- This is one of the earliest varieties. The fruit...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 4- Tomato Salad With Cucumbers No. 1567. - Peel and slice the Tomatoes as in No. 1565, and season them with salt and pepper. Then slice the same quantity of cucumbers, sprinkle them with salt and set ...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 5- Stuffed Tomatoes, Mackay Style No. 1576. - Prepare two dozen Tomatoes as in No. 1574. Then chop a quarter of a pound of lean pork, a quarter of a pound of veal, and six ounces of marrow finely, and...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 6- Baked Tomatoes No. 1580. - Cut the ends off of half a dozen Tomatoes, and slice them in halves. Season with salt and pepper. Put two spoonfuls of clarified butter in a frying pan and, when it is wa...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 7- Tomato Soup, With Rice No. 1587. - Prepare the Tomatoes as in Nos. 1583 or 1586. Boil four ounces of rice in broth and have it dry when it is boiled. Serve it with the Tomatoes in a soup tureen. ...
French Thyme. Article CCXIII. Part 8- Preserved Tomatoes No. 1594. - Use only ripe Tomatoes, wash them in cold water and trim off the stems. Pour boiling water over them, peel them, cut them in quarters and lay them in a wooden tub unt...
French Tonka Bean. Article CCXV- Tonka (Feve). Tonkabohm. No. 1598. - The Tonka Bean is the seed of a large tree that grows in Guiana, Mexico and the Southern part of America. The seed or bean is inclosed in an oblong, ovate pod, ...
Truffles. Article CCXVI- Truffles. Truffle. No. 1599. - Truffles are a species of fungi that are subterranean in their habit and are mostly found in the neighborhood of oak and chestnut trees, but do not thrive well in thi...
Truffles. Article CCXVI. Continued- Truffles, Piemontaise Style No. 1602. - Reduce half a pint of Madeira wine sauce and add the Truffles with their juice. When they are thoroughly warmed dish them up, and again warm the gravy and ad...
Tuberous-Rooted Chickling Wetch, Or Tuberous-. Article CCXVII- French Rooted Pea Gesse. Knotig Gess. No. 1614. - This is a perennial plant, having spreading roots that are furnished with numerous black irregular-shaped tubers, which weigh from one to three ...
French Turmeric, Or Curcuma. Article CCXVIII- Curcuma, or Turmeric. Curcumei. No. 1615. - The root of this plant is perennial, tuberous, palmate and internally of a deep yellow color. It is a native of the East Indies and China, the latter fur...
Turnip. Article CCXIX- Turnip Navet. Rube. No. 1616. - The Turnip is a hardy biennial plant, and has been cultivated from time immemorial. The roots of all the varieties attain their full size during the first year. I...
Turnip. Article CCXIX. Part 2- Large White Flat Norfolk No. 1627. - A variety universally grown. It is round and flat, being white in color. The tops of this variety are used for greens, Pomeranean White Globe No. 1628. - ...
Turnip. Article CCXIX. Part 3- Glazed Turnips (Brown) For Garniture No. 1641.- Pare one dozen Turnips and cut them in four or six pieces, according to their size. Trim them in a clove-like shape, and parboil them for live minute...
Turnip. Article CCXIX. Part 4- Boiled Turnips With White Sauce No. 1647. - Prepare and cook the Turnips as in No. 1646 and, when they are done, drain them, and put them in a saucepan with a piece of butter. Toss them over the fi...
French Turnip-Cabbage, Or Kohlrabi. Article CCXX- Chou rave. Kohlrube. No. 1652. - The Turnip-Cabbage, or Kohl-rabi, is a vegetable that is intermediate between the cabbage and the turnip, combining the flavor of both. The edible part is a turnip-...
Turnip-Rooted Chervil. Article CCXXI- Cerfeuil (enracine). Knotig Gartenkerbel. No. 1662. - This is a hardy biennial plant that is cultivated for its root, which is a valuable esculent. The roots are of fusiform, about four or five inc...
Unicorn Root. Article CCXXII- Unicorn. Einhornwurzel. No. 1664. - This is a hardy annual plant with peculiarly shaped seed-pods, which, when young and tender, are highly prized for pickling, and by many are considered superior ...
French Valerian. Article CCXXIII- Vuleriane. Baldrian. No. 1666. - This is an annual plant, the roots of which are used for medicinal purposes. When in blossom the plant presents a beautiful appearance. The stem is smooth and branc...
Vanilla. Article CCXXIV- Vanille. Vanille. No. 1668. - This is a genus of orchidaceous plants that are natives of South America, the West Indies, and Mexico. It is a fleshy, dark green perennial, climbing plant, with a lon...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV- Legume (variee). Gemuse. No. 1671. - All kinds and varieties of plants that are cultivated for culinary purposes are classed as vegetables. Of some kinds merely the seeds or roots are eaten; of oth...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 2- Vegetable Borders No. 1674. - To make vegetable borders the larger vegetables must first be cut with a spoon or column cutter, in any desired shape. Those generally used are Carrots, Turnips, Artic...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 3- Timbals Of Egg Plant, Mackay Style No. 1676. - Peel half a dozen small Egg plants and cut them lengthwise in six pieces. Trim each piece so as to have them all alike, put them in a bowl and season ...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 4- Small Vegetable Pates, American Style No. 1679. - Cut equal quantities of onions, carrots, celery and cabbage, in small square pieces. Put them in a saucepan with a piece of butter, and fry them li...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 5- Macedoine Of Vegetables, Mexican Style No. 1683. - Prepare the following vegetables, viz.: Two dozen artichoke bottoms cut in quarters and an equal quantity each of green peas, shelled beans, sirin...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 6- Cold Macedoine Garniture No. 1687. - This garniture is composed of the same ingredients as in No. 1686. The carrots and turnips are cut with spoon cutters and are cooked in broth and glazed. The gr...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 7- Cold Garniture, Jardiniere No. 1693. - This Garniture is composed of the flower buds of cauliflower, artichoke bottoms, mushrooms, large asparagus tops, string-beans, and young carrots. They are al...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 8- Compound Vegetable Salad No. 1699. - This salad is composed of cooked green peas, string beans, cut in pieces one inch long, sliced potatoes and white beans. Each kind is dressed separate and seaso...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 9- Vegetable Salad, Parisian Style No. 1704. - Rub the yolks of four hard-boiled eggs through a fine sieve, put them in a bowl, and add one teaspoonful of Anchovy paste, and one of French mustard. Mix...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 10- How To Prepare Moulds With Aspic Jelly, For Salads No. 1709. - The salads following this recipe are different from the foregoing, being made in moulds, and dressed on stands or borders, or on bread...
French Vegetables. Article CCXXV. Part 11- Vegetable Salad With Aspic Jelly, Italian Style No. 1712. - Cut out one dozen potatoes with a round cutter about the size of a twenty-five cent piece, and slice them finely. Then take two pickled b...
French Vetch, Or Tare. Article CCXXVI- Vesce. Wicke. No. 1714. - This is a leguminous plant having several varieties, all of which, in properties and habits, resemble the common pea, the seeds being used for food. It is not cultivated t...
Water-Melon. Article CCXXVII- Melon d' Eau. Wasser Melone. No. 1715. - The Water-melon is a tropical fruit that is largely and extensively cultivated in the United States. The fruit is roundish or oblong, and in color it is gre...
French Wheat. Article CCXXVIII- Froment. Weitzen. No. 1729. - Wheat is a plant of the genus Triticum. The seed of this plant furnishes a white flour for bread and, next to rice, is the grain most generally used by the human race....
French Wheat. Article CCXXVIII. Continued- Winter Pearl No. 1737. - The heads are beardless, regular and very handsome, about five and a half inches long, with from eighteen to twenty breasts of four grains each. The kernels are about the s...
French Winged Pea. Article CCXXIX- Pois Rame. Die Spargelerbse. No. 1743. - A hardy creeping annual plant. The pods are three inches long, with four longitudinal leafy membranes. The seeds are globular, slightly compressed, and yell...
Witloef. Article CCXXX- Romaine blanche. Weisser Endivien No. 1744. - This is a distinct and comparatively new vegetable, somewhat resembling chicory in habit. It produces a moderate sized and beautiful white heart, simil...
Wood Sorrel. Article CCXXXI- Oseille Oxalide. Sourklee. No. 1745. - Wood sorrel is a hardy perennial plant, growing naturally in woods, in cool and shaded situations. The leaves are radical, inversely heart-shaped, and produce...
French Wormwood. Article CCXXXII- Armoise ou Absinthe. Vermouth. No. 1747. - A hardy perennial, shrubby plant, three feet in height. The leaves are deeply cut or divided, pale-green above, and hoary beneath. The leaves when bruised...