The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine. Volume 2. | by J. H. Kellogg, M.D.

The definition of disease we have elsewhere given as being a derangement of the structure or functions of the body. Strictly speaking, any degree of derangement is a diseased condition, although such states are not usually called disease unless the departure from the condition of health is so great as to occasion considerable inconvenience in the way of suffering or danger to life.

Title	The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine. Volume 2.
Author	J. H. Kellogg, M.D.
Publisher	Pacific Press Publishing House
Year	1881
Copyright	1881, J. H. Kellogg, M.D.
Amazon	The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine, Volume 2

Diseases And Their Treatment: The definition of disease we have elsewhere given as being a derangement of the structure or functions of the body. Strictly speaking, any degree of derangement is a diseased condition, although such ...

Morbid Conditions of the Blood and Other Fluids: Changes in the blood are not usually considered as organic or structural in character; but, as we have previously seen, the blood is really a fluid tissue, and changes in it embody more or less modifi...

Diseased Conditions of the Solid Structures of the Body: The diseased conditions of the solid structures of the body, which are readily appreciable by the senses, are of two classes: First, those which are due to mechanical and chemical causes; and, second,...

Functional Derangements - Diseases And Their Treatment: Functional derangements of a primary character may be enumerated as irritation, inflammation, congestion, depression, and fever. Irritation Irritation is a condition in which there is an abnormall...

The Causes Of Disease - Diseases And Their Treatment: In preceding portions of this work we have dwelt so fully upon the relations of air, water, food, heat, light, electricity, and various, other external agents, together with the influence of habits, t...

The Symptoms Of Disease - Diseases And Their Treatment: We have not space here to enter upon a lengthy consideration of the classes of symptoms by which disease is characterized; and it is unnecessary to do so, as we have provided in the concluding portion...

The Diagnosis Of Disease - Diseases And Their Treatment: Diagnosis is simply ascertaining the nature of a morbid condition or disease under which a person may be suffering, by an examination of the symptoms present in the case. Diagnosis is by far the most ...

The Prognosis Of Disease - Diseases And Their Treatment: Prognosis is an expression of the probable way in which the disease will terminate in any given case. Of course, the wisest and most experienced physicians can do nothing more than express an opinion ...

The General Principles Of Treatment Of Disease And Injury: A few remarks on the general principles of treatment which should govern all who have any responsibility to bear in the treatment of the sick will be in place at this point. It is necessary at the out...

General Diseases: Under this head we shall include chiefly those diseases which affect the whole system and which require in consequence general or systemic treatment. For convenience, and as we shall find no better op...

What Is Irritation: This condition has already been described as being one in which there is an excitement or increased intensity of vital action. The Causes of Irritation The causes of irritation, in the sense in wh...

The Treatment of Irritation: The proper treatment of this condition involves chiefly the removal of the exciting cause. The departure from a normal condition is so slight that where the cause is removed, the vital forces quickly ...

What Is Congestion: This has also been described as a condition in which a part of the body contains too much blood. This morbid condition must evidently be of a local character, since the whole body could not be congest...

The Treatment of Congestion: In the treatment of congestion it is of primary importance that its character should be recognized, as the modes of treatment to be employed in the two forms of congestion are essentially different. I...

What Is Depression: As elsewhere stated, depression is a condition in which there is a deficiency of vital action. It may be either general or local in character. Its symptoms may be either an increase or decrease of irr...

The Treatment of Depression: The popular treatment for depression is the use of tonics and stimulants. The theory of the application is that they impart strength to the enervated system. That this is not the case, however, is wel...

What Is Inflammation: Inflammation, like congestion, is characterized by the four special symptoms, heat, pain, redness, and swelling. In inflammation, however, these symptoms are all much more intense than in conges tion....

The Treatment of Inflammation: The treatment of inflammation is essentially the same as that for active congestion, which has already been quite fully described. In inflammation, however, as the intensity of the morbid action is mu...

General Diseases Of Nutrition: Under the head of general diseases proper, we will first call attention to those which are dependent upon general disturbances of nutrition, and which, although in some instances involving numerous lo...

What Is Acute Anaemia: The Symptoms of Acute Anaemia Great pallor; hollow cheeks; sunken eyes; pinched nose; coldness; dry or clammy skin; frequently a weak pulse, which is easily excited by slight exercise; fainting, or t...

The Treatment of Acute Anaemia: Rest, good food, transfusion of blood or milk. The first thing essential in the treatment of acute anaemia resulting from severe hemorrhage is rest. The patient should be placed at once in a horizont...

What Is Chronic Anaemia: The Symptoms of Chronic Anaemia Dry, thin, wrinkled skin; emaciation; shortness of breath; nervousness; baldness; dropsy; fatty degeneration of the heart, liver, kidneys and other parts; in women, am...

The Treatment of Chronic Anaemia: It is evident that the first step in the treatment of this disease should be to remove the cause. If the cause is dyspepsia, this must receive attention; if intestinal parasites, they must be dislodge...

What Is Chlorosis: The Symptoms of Chlorosis Pale or yellowish countenance; dark circles about the eyes; palpitation of the heart; lassitude; variable and perverted appetite; depression of the mind; usually suppressed...

The Treatment of Chlorosis: The first measures to be adopted are those which will secure, as far as possible, the removal of the causes of the affection. The diet should be properly regulated, the patient being required to take ...

What Is Plethora: The Symptoms of Plethora Excessive redness of the face and lips; increased heat of the body; unnaturally strong and full pulse; unnatural mental and physical activity. This condition is exactly the ...

The Treatment of Plethora: The treatment of plethora is, in most respects, as nearly as possible opposite to that recommended in anaemia. The patient should be instructed to restrict his diet and to abstain wholly from the use ...

What Is Obesity, Or Corpulence: The Symptoms of Obesity, or Corpulence Excessive fatness: excessive sebaceous and perspiratory secretion; shortness of breath, and often palpitation of the heart upon making slight exertion. The cha...

What Is Obesity, Or Corpulence. Continued: The Causes of Obesity, or Corpulence Many persons inherit a predisposition to obesity. This is often seen in families in which parents exhibit a decided tendency to excessive corpulency. In some inst...

The Treatment of Obesity, or Corpulence: In calling attention to the treatment of this disease we wish especially to impress upon the reader the fact that obesity is by no means so harmless and insignificant a disease as is generally suppose...

What Is Scrofula, Or King's Evil: The Symptoms of Scrofula, Or King's Evil Skin eruptions, particularly about the head and face; enlarged lymphatics, especially those of the neck; nasal catarrh; thickened upper lip; discharges from t...

What Is Scrofula, Or King's Evil. Continued: The Causes of Scrofula, Or King's Evil Among the causes of scrofula should be placed first, hereditary predisposition; not that the disease itself may be inherited, as is generally supposed, but, as ...

The Treatment of Scrofula, Or King's Evil: As remarked with reference to diseases of nutrition, the adoption of measures for the prevention of this disease or the developent of the hereditary predisposition to it, is of the first importance. ...

Hemorrhagic Diathesis Or Haemophilia: The Symptoms of Hemorrhagic Diathesis Or Haemophilia Persistent bleeding occasioned by a slight cut, puncture, or laceration of the skin. This is a peculiar affection, the exact nature of which is n...

What Is Scurvy: The Symptoms of Scurvy Great debility; lassitude: mental depression; sunken eyes; pain in the limbs and joints: pallor; livid Ups; sore mouth; bleeding gums; blood spots in the skin; nosebleed; hemor...

The Treatment of Scurvy: About all that is required to be done in the treatment of this disease is to adopt such measures as are useful in its prevention, that is, to place the patient under good hygienic conditions. Sailors ...

Diabetes Mellitus Or True Diabetes: The Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Or True Diabetes Excessive quantity of urine containing sugar; emaciation; great thirst; dryness of the skin; voracious appetite. The characteristic feature of this...

The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Or True Diabetes: All physicians of experience are agreed that in the treatment of this disease by far the most important measure is the regulation of the diet. Sugar, starch, and all foods containing them, should be, ...

What Is Diabetes Insipidis: The Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidis Gradually increased quantity of pale urine, free from sugar. Almost the sole symptom of this disease is that mentioned. The urine differs from that of diabetes mel...

The Treatment of Diabetes Insipidis: M. Bauchardot of Paris, an eminent French physician, states that hygienic treatment is essential to success in the management of cases of this disease. All the habits of the patient should be regulate...

Diseases Of The Digestive Organs: We will next notice diseases which affect the digestive organs, and which may be regarded as the most frequent of all diseases to which the body is subject. Under this head will be noticed diseases of...

The Diseases Of The Mouth - Catarrh Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Catarrh Of The Mouth ACUTE: Burning; tenderness; mucous membrane dark red, dry, or covered with copious secretion; swelling of membrane of cheeks and tongue; coated tongue; perverted ...

The Treatment of Catarrh Of The Mouth: Remove causes of irritation. In cases caused by difficult teething, more harm than good is done by lancing. Use soothing lotions when there is much irritation, as slippery-elm and flaxseed tea, and ri...

Aphthae - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Aphthae Catarrh of the mouth; small white spots with red border on mucous membrane; great increase of saliva; fetid breath. This affection is often called ulcerated sore mouth and th...

Cancrum Oris, Diphtheritic Inflammation Of The Mouth, Or Canker Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Cancrum Oris, Diphtheritic Inflammation Of The Mouth, Or Canker Of The Mouth Gums red, swollen, bleed easily; whitish spots on mucous membrane, which cannot be wiped off, appearing fi...

Ulcers Of The Mouth: In addition to the severe forms of aphthae and ulceration previously described, small ulcers frequently appear on the tongue and mucous membrane of the cheeks. The point of the tongue is a favorite se...

Thrush Or Muguet - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Thrush Or Muguet Whitish points or a frosty coating; cheesy matter on tongue, roof of mouth and inside of lips; pain on swallowing; burning pain; disturbance of digestion, often diarr...

Inflammation Of The Tongue or Glossitis - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Tongue or Glossitis Tongue greatly swollen, often to double its usual size, upper surface white or brownish, smooth or cracked, covered with tough mucus, under sur...

Gangrenous Sore Mouth, Or Noma - Diseases Of The Mouth: This is, fortunately, a very rare disease, as it is almost always fatal. It chiefly occurs in children whose constitutions are enfeebled by bad or insufficient food, bad air, filth, or other unhygieni...

Salivation - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Salivation Abnormal production of saliva; indigestion; emaciation. This morbid condition is rather a symptom of disease than itself a disease. The amount of saliva daily produced in ...

The Treatment of Salivation - Diseases Of The Mouth: So far as mercurial salivation is concerned, the proper remedy is prevention by non-use of the drug. We believe that there is no disease or morbid condition which cannot be treated better without than...

Pharyngitis - Clergyman's Sore Throat - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Pharyngitis ACUTE: Cold in the throat; sore throat; mucous membrane dry, red, and swollen, or covered with a tenacious secretion; pain in swallowing; nasal tone of voice; tickling...

The Treatment of Pharyngitis - Diseases Of The Mouth: The acute form of the disease usually disappears in a very short time, seldom lasting but a few days, and generally disappearing almost wholly within two or three weeks. This fact leads most people to...

Quinsy, or Tonsillitis - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Quinsy, or Tonsillitis Chilliness; marked fever; redness and swelling of the tonsils and soft palate; pain and some difficulty in swallowing; entrance of liquids into the nasal cavity...

The Treatment of Quinsy, or Tonsillitis: The treatment is practically the same as that described for acute catarrh of the pharynx, but should be much more energetic. During the first stage of the disease, benefit may be derived from holding ...

Enlarged Tonsils - Diseases Of The Mouth: The Symptoms of Enlarged Tonsils Sensation of a lump in the throat upon one or both sides; difficulty in swallowing in extreme cases; voice changed, patient often being unable to pronounce certain wo...

Diseases Of The Oesophagus - Inflammation and Ulceration of the Oesophagus: The oesophagus is subject to all the forms of inflammation which affect the mouth and larynx, though less liable to be thus affected. Inflammation of the oesophagus is most often excited by swallowing...

Stricture of the Oesophagus - Diseases Of The Oesophagus: May result from inflammation, or from the contraction of its walls after the healing of an ulcer. It may also be produced by aneurism, or by an abscess forming at one side. It usually develops gradual...

Dilatation of the Oesophagus - Diseases Of The Oesophagus: Is an opposite, though very rare affection, which is also the cause of death in some instances. The dilatation may be complete through the whole length, cases having been observed in which it had incr...

Morbid Growths of the Oesophagus - Diseases Of The Oesophagus: Occasionally occur, giving rise to both stricture and dilatation. These are sometimes of a fibrous character, but not infrequently cancerous. Cancer of the oesophagus occurs most frequently in elderly...

Nervous Diseases of the Oesophagus - Diseases Of The Oesophagus: Are perhaps the most common affections to which this organ is subject. The affection most frequently met with is that known as globus hystericus, so-called on account of the peculiar sensation, which ...

Diseases Of The Stomach - Acute Inflammation Of The Stomach, or Gastritis: The Symptoms of Acute Inflammation Of The Stomach, or Gastritis Pain and heat at the pit of the stomach, pain increased by pressure; great nausea, with violent retching and vomiting; great thirst; de...

The Treatment of Acute Inflammation Of The Stomach, or Gastritis: The first and most important measure of treatment is, as nearly as possible, absolute rest for the stomach. For drink, give the patient small bits of ice to hold in the mouth. If thirst is very great,...

Acute Catarrh Of The Stomach, or Bilious Attack - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Acute Catarrh Of The Stomach, or Bilious Attack Indigestion; heaviness at the pit of the stomach; dizziness; furred tongue and bad taste in the mouth; sick headache tormenting pain i...

Acute Catarrh Of The Stomach, or Bilious Attack - Diseases Of The Stomach. Continued: The Causes of Acute Catarrh Of The Stomach, or Bilious Attack The principal exciting causes of the disease are the following: 1. Overeating. More food being taken than can be digested, it undergoes ...

The Treatment of Acute Catarrh Of The Stomach, or Bilious Attack: Give the stomach rest. The patient should take no food for twenty-four-hours, or, at the most, nothing but a few sips of water-gruel or something of a very light, starchy character. The warm full bath...

Cholera Morbus - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Cholera Morbus Vomiting, soon followed by purging; watery, acrid or acid discharges from the bowels; colicky pains, cramp in the feet and limbs; hiccough; rapid and feeble pulse; cold...

The Treatment of Cholera Morbus: At the beginning of the affection, drink freely of warm liquids to facilitate evacuation of the stomach. Large, warm enemata will also be found serviceable. When the vomited matter no longer shows tra...

Cholera Infantum - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Cholera Infantum Vomiting and purging, sometimes almost incessant; spasmodic pain in stomach and bowels; great prostration; bowels bloated or sunken; other symptoms mentioned in conne...

The Treatment of Cholera Infantum: The treatment should be essentially the same as that described for cholera morbus. The application of cold to the stomach is very beneficial. Where the child cannot swallow ice, iced-water may be give...

Chronic Gastric Catarrh - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Chronic Gastric Catarrh Pressure and fullness at the stomach after eating; flatulence; heartburn; little or no appetite; vomiting; water-brash; tenderness at the pit of the stomach; s...

The Treatment of Chronic Gastric Catarrh: Of first importance in the treatment of this disease, as in nearly all other serious affections, is entire discontinuance of all the causes which may have produced it. This is absolutely necessary; an...

Dilatation Of The Stomach - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Dilatation Of The Stomach Water-brash: heart-burn; flatulence; cramp; fickle appetite; constipation; abdominal enlargement: occasionally vomiting of great quantities of sour matters r...

Gastralgia, Or Neuralgia Of The Stomach - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Gastralgia, Or Neuralgia Of The Stomach Severe pain of the stomach, at times extending back; stomach distended or retracted; vomiting, either at the beginning or dose of the attack; s...

Chronic Ulcer Of The Stomach - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Chronic Ulcer Of The Stomach Pain in stomach and in spine opposite, increased by food, especially hot drinks and sugar; tenderness of abdomen, particularly over the stomach; violent b...

Hemorrhage Of The Stomach - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Hemorrhage Of The Stomach Blood vomited in considerable quantities; blood not frothy, and of dark color; blood usually in clots, and mixed with portions of food; uneasiness or other s...

Cancer Of The Stomach - Diseases Of The Stomach: The Symptoms of Cancer Of The Stomach Pain at the pit of the stomach of a burning or gnawing character, increased by food: tenderness on pressure over the stomach: nausea and frequently vomiting, the...

Degeneration Of The Peptic Glands: The Symptoms of Degeneration Of The Peptic Glands Loss of appetite: impaired digestion: gradual emaciation and increasing debility: morbid condition known as degeneration of the glands which secrete ...

Diarrhea: The Symptoms of Diarrhea ACUTE: Looseness of the bowels; pain in abdomen, either colicky or continuous; purging; nausea; vomiting; coated tongue; foul breath; flatulence: eructations of gas; loss of ...

The Treatment of Diarrhea: The regulation of the diet is of the first importance in this as in most diseases of the digestive organs. He should abstain entirely from the use of vegetables, cheese, meat, corn-bread, and bread ma...

Acute Dysentery: The Symptoms of Acute Dysentery Diarrhea; chilliness or rigor, followed by fever; severe pain in the bowels; constant desire to stool; burning pain in the rectum; watery or mushy discharge, with cons...

The Treatment of Acute Dysentery: The disease is generally quite easy to manage if taken in time and treated vigorously. In the treatment of cases of epidemic dysentery the first thing to look after is the prevention of the extension ...

Chronic Dysentery: The Symptoms of Chronic Dysentery looseness of the bowels, with discharges of mucus; burning pain in the rectum; abdominal dropsy; emaciation. Chronic dysentery is usually the result of an attack of...

Colic - Enteralgia: The Symptoms of Colic-Enteralgia Griping pain in the bowels, especially about the navel; pain, spasmodic in character, generally relieved by pressure; no tenderness of the bowels; frequent vomiting; ...

Lead Colic: The Symptoms of Lead Colic The usual symptoms of lead-poisoning; skin dingy; teeth discolored; bad breath; metallic taste in the mouth; obstinate constipation. The most successful treatment of lead-...

Constipation Of The Bowels: The Symptoms of Constipation Of The Bowels Inactive condition of the liver; movement of the bowels Infrequent or wholly suspended without artificial aid; inactive condition of liver and kidneys, indi...

The Treatment of Constipation Of The Bowels: Even the most obstinate constipation not dependent on structural lesion of the intestines, can generally be relieved by thorough rational treatment. In the first place, all the causes of the disease m...

Intestinal Hemorrhage: The Symptoms of Intestinal Hemorrhage Bloody discharges from the bowels, either pure or mixed with natural discharges; when the bleeding is excessive, fainting and other symptoms will usually result ...

Intestinal Obstructions: The Symptoms of Intestinal Obstructions Persistent vomiting; vomiting of fecal matter; extreme pain; distension of the bowels with gas; hiccough; constipation of the bowels; mental depression; great ...

The Treatment of Intestinal Obstructions: The treatment of intestinal obstruction depends, of course, upon the cause. If the obstacle consists in morbid growths within the abdominal cavity, little can be done to ameliorate the patient's condi...

Peritonitis: The Symptoms of Peritonitis ACUTE: Pain in the abdomen; chill or chilliness followed by fever; great tenderness over whole abdominal wall, increased by muscular action and by slight pressure; constip...

Abdominal Dropsy or Ascites: The Symptoms of Abdominal Dropsy or Ascites Abdomen enlarged; skin tense and shiny; a sensation of fluid when felt by the hand; short breath; generally swelling of the lower extremities; weakness; em...

The Treatment of Abdominal Dropsy or Ascites: The treatment of ascites should be, of course, to re move the cause as far as possible. In many cases, unfortunately, this cannot be done, as in degeneration of the peritoneum and cirrhosis of the liv...

Consumption Of The Bowels, or Mesenteric Consumption: The Symptoms of Consumption Of The Bowels, or Mesenteric Consumption Pain in the bowels, more or less constant, sometimes severe, causing the patient to draw up his limbs toward the abdomen to reliev...

The Treatment of Consumption Of The Bowels, or Mesenteric Consumption: As in consumption of the lungs, the first attention should be given to the prevention of this disease, which, when well established, is by no means easy of cure. The preventive measures are essentiall...

Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion Uneasiness at the stomach; flatulence; acidity; heart-burn; water-brash; pyrosis; nausea; vomiting; regurgitation; gripes; colic; weight; pain...

The General Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: As dyspepsia is not usually a fatal disease, thousands of people allow themselves to suffer from its pains and inconveniences for years without making serious efforts to recover. If anything is done, ...

The Removal of Causes of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: If the dyspeptic would recover, he must seek carefully for each one of the causes of his disease, and carefully remove them. It is of no use to hope for recovery without doing this. If the cause is in...

The Hygienic Remedies of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: In the treatment of this disease, attention to hygiene and the application of what are by some termed hygienic remedies, are of first importance. Indeed, it is by these agents that nature is aided i...

Diet in the Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: In the treatment of this disease, proper diet and regimen are of first importance. The diet is of special importance. It is necessary, however, that it should be most carefully adapted to the wants of...

Exercise in the Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: This is of first importance as a general renovator of vital action. The secretion of gastric juice is, under ordinary circumstances, proportionate to the amount of nourishment which the system is prep...

Rest and Sleep in the Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: It is of great importance that sufficient sleep be obtained, though sometimes this seems impossible on account of the nervousness occasioned by this disease. It is generally best to retire early, but ...

Mental and Moral Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: This is too important a part of a successful plan of treatment to be neglected. The gloomy despondency must be steadily combated by a determination to be cheerful. The disposition to fret and worry, a...

Dress in the Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: In addition to wearing the clothing loose, so as to give every organ perfect freedom of action, it is of greatest importance that the extremities be kept thoroughly warm. Cold hands and feet are very ...

The General Measures of Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The general indications for treatment are, 1. To increase the general vigor of the system by tonic remedies; 2. To balance the circulation; 3. To increase the demand for food, and thereby improve t...

Special Measures of Treatment of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The special indications to be met by treatment in dyspepsia are: 1. To increase the quantity and quality of the gastric juice, and of the other digestive fluids. 2. To increase the muscular activity...

Flatulence as a Symptom with Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: Stomach flatulence, occasioned by the formation of carbonic acid gas, may usually be relieved by swallowing a small quantity of quite hot water and applying hot fomentations to the stomach with gentle...

Stomach Acidity as a Symptom with Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: One of the best remedies for acidity, and one which is likely to do no harm while it does much good, is pulverized charcoal. It must be very finely pulverized, being sifted through a cloth, must be of...

Vomiting as a Symptom with Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: When present, this symptom is sometimes very troublesome. If there is evidence from other symptoms that there is something in the stomach which needs to be expelled, the efforts of nature should be en...

Constipation as a Symptom with Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: Inactivity of the bowels is often one of the most troublesome difficulties with which the dyspeptic has to contend. Two of its most potent causes we have not before mentioned, but call attention to th...

Acute Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Acute Dyspepsia Weight, fullness, or pain at the pit of the stomach; nausea and perhaps vomiting, or diarrhea; usually more or less fever; pain in the head; prostration; coated tongue...

Simple Dyspepsia, Or Slow Digestion - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Simple Dyspepsia, Or Slow Digestion Sensation of having eaten too much, when only a small amount has been taken; weight and oppression an hour or two after eating; appetite fair, thou...

Acid Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Acid Dyspepsia Same as in simple dyspepsia, exaggerated; particularly heart-burn; regurgitation of very sour liquid from the stomach; sour eructations; tongue coated white, usually fi...

Bilious Or Foul Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Bilious Or Foul Dyspepsia Those of slow digestion with occasional acute attacks in which there is loss of appetite; nausea and vomiting or regurgitation of bile; undefined distress or...

Painful Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Painful Dyspepsia Most characteristic is pain at the pit of the stomach, with tenderness on pressure just at the tower end of the sternum; also tenderness on right side under lower bo...

Nervous Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: The Symptoms of Nervous Dyspepsia Frontal headache; pain described as pressure in the back part of the head; peculiar sensations at the top of the head; pain in the eye-balls; sometimes pain in the u...

Nervous Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion. Continued: The Causes of Nervous Dyspepsia The causes of this form of dyspepsia are somewhat less obvious than those of the other varieties mentioned; but a causative relation has been traced in a sufficient nu...

Mixed Cases of Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: It not infrequently happens that cases of dyspepsia exhibit the symptoms which belong to two or more classes of the disease. In cases of this sort it is of course necessary to conform to the special i...

An Important Caution When Treating Dyspepsia - Upset Stomach or Indigestion: It is of great importance to recollect that the special directions for the diet in different forms of dyspepsia which we have given are not intended as rules to be followed for any great period of tim...

Depraved Appetite: The Symptoms of Depraved Appetite Unnatural craving for either wholesome or unwholesome foods and drinks; general decline in health, conditions varying according to the particular phase of the diseas...

Intestinal Parasites: According to Heller, of the fifty parasites which infest man, twenty-one are found in the intestinal canal. The principal of these are of two kinds, known as tape-worms and round-worms. Three varietie...

Tape-Worm. The Symptoms of Tape-Worm Infection - Intestinal Parasites: Colic pains in lower part of the abdomen, especially after fasting, relieved by a full meal; ravenous hunger; distension of the bowels with gas; alternat» constipation and diarrhea; sensation of somet...

The Cause of Tape-Worm Infection - Intestinal Parasites: The only cause of this disease is the reception into the system of the embryo of the tape-worm. These embryos are only to be found in the flesh of other animals. The principal sources of human infecti...

The Treatment of Tape-Worm Infection - Intestinal Parasites: No patient should ever be treated for tape worm without the positive signs of the presence of the worm are first detected. It generally happens that segments of the worm are broken off and expelled at...

Round Worms or Ascaris Lumbricoides - Intestinal Parasites: The Symptoms of Round Worms or Ascaris Lumbricoides Infection Itching of nose; colic pains; boring pains in abdomen; fickle appetite; distension of stomach; diarrhea, with passage of mucus tinged wit...

Thread-Worm or Oxyuris Vermicularis - Intestinal Parasites: The Symptoms of Thread-Worm or Oxyuris Vermicularis Infection Severe itching and tickling just within the anus, especially at night; unnatural sexual excitement; in males, frequent erections, and eve...

Strongylus Duodenalis - Intestinal Parasites: The Symptoms of Strongylus Duodenalis Infection Ancemia; pallor; exhaustion; dyspepsia; disturbances of the circulation; fickle appetite; morbid appetite for mortar, wood, coal, etc.; pain and heavin...

Flukes - Intestinal Parasites: The fluke is a parasitic worm which inhabits the duodenum and biliary passages in man. It is very common in sheep, occasioning what is known as liver-rot, a disease from which many thousands of shee...

Diseases Of The Liver: In ancient times derangements of the liver were supposed to be a fundamental condition in nearly all diseases. In the humoral theory of disease, great stress was laid upon the condition of the bile, y...

Torpid Liver: The Symptoms of Torpid Liver Bowels irregular, generally costive; discharges yellow, whitish, or drab; disagreeable taste in the mouth, usually in the morning; furred tongue, yellowish or white; loss...

Congestion Of The Liver: The Symptoms of Congestion Of The Liver Gas in the stomach and bowels; weight and fullness in the stomach and in the region of the liver; heart-burn and eructation of acid matter; furred tongue; clam...

Hepatitis or Inflammation Of The Liver: The Symptoms of Hepatitis or Inflammation Of The LiverTenderness on the right side near the lower border of the ribs: high fever similar to that of typhoid fever; enlargement of the liver, producing s...

Inflammation Of The Bile-Ducts - Diseases Of The Liver: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Bile-Ducts Tenderness at the pit of the stomach and at the lower border of the ribs on the right side; tightness in the same region; nausea; slight fever; constipa...

Gall-Stones - Diseases Of The Liver: The Symptoms of Gall-Stones Dull pain about the liver, sometimes extending to the shoulder; chills and fever; nausea; in severe cases, attacks of vomiting accompanied by severe pains at the pit of th...

Jaunice - Diseases Of The Liver: The Symptoms of Jaunice Yellowness of the eyes and skin; dark or saffron color of urine; day cotored bowel discharges; itching of the skin; drowsiness; giddiness; lassitude; mental depression; irrita...

Enlargement Of The Liver - Diseases Of The Liver: Enlargement of the liver occurs, most frequently, as the result of morbid changes. There is more or less enlargement in all cases of congestion and inflammation. Enlargements of this class, however, a...

Waxy Liver - Diseases Of The Liver: In this form of enlargement of the liver, the tissue of the organ becomes filled with a peculiar substance, which gives to it a waxy appearance. The organ loses its natural chocolate hue and becomes v...

Fatty Degeneration - Diseases Of The Liver: In this affection, the tissues of the liver become infiltrated with fat. The disease gives very few symptoms. Its existence may be surmised, however, from the existence of fatty degeneration in other ...

Hydatid Tumor Of The Liver - Diseases Of The Liver: This is a disease in which cysts are formed in the liver, being developed from the echinococcus. The origin of these cysts is very curious. Eggs from the tape-worm from the common dog find entrance to...

Contraction Of The Liver - Diseases Of The Liver: Diminution in the size of the liver is by no means so common an affection as enlargement of this organ. The most common cause is the use of alcoholic drinks, which occasion what is known as atrophy, o...

Displacement And Distortion Of The Liver: The morbid conditions of the liver considered under this head are wholly attributable to the abuse of the organ by tight lacing. Figs. 291, 292, 293, and 294, are representations of livers found in pa...

Enlargement Of The Spleen or Ague Cake: The Symptoms of Enlargement Of The Spleen or Ague Cake Sallow countenance; paleness of the lips and gums; dyspepsia; emaciation; liability to hemorrhage; sense of weight and uneasiness on the left si...

Symptoms Relating To Disease In The Digestive Organs: Under this head we shall notice briefly, for the convenience of the reader, the most important symptoms which require attention in the treatment of diseases of the digestive organs, and which have not...

Symptoms Relating To Disease In The Digestive Organs. Part 2: Vomiting Employ the same remedies recommended for nausea, applying them with greater energy and persistence. Sometimes ice to the stomach will give relief when other measures fail. If relief is not o...

Symptoms Relating To Disease In The Digestive Organs. Part 3: Pain in the Bowels Apply hot fomentations and administer a hot enema. Repeat applications at intervals of half an hour for two or three hours, if not relieved before. Cramp in the bowels will usually...

Diseases Of The Respiratory Organs - Physical Diagnosis: It is only within the last century that diseases of the lungs have been well understood. The greatest aid to their investigation has been rendered by the discovery by Laennic of the stethoscope, and t...

Diseases Of The Respiratory Organs - Physical Diagnosis. Continued: Mensuration - Inspection Of The Lungs This consists in measurements of the chest. By means of mensuration the degree of mobility of the chest walls and the breathing capacity may be ascertained, also...

Breathing As A Symptom In Disease: 1. The breathing may be exaggerated. This most often occurs in a portion of lung which is overworked on account of the inactivity of some other portion. It is also heard in emphysema in some cases. It...

Expectoration or Sputum In Establishing The Health Of The Lungs: Much can be learned of the condition of the lungs from an examination of the matters expectorated, or what is technically known as the sputum. The chief points of interest in relation to the sputum ar...

Expectoration or Sputum In Establishing The Health Of The Lungs. Continued: Constituents of the Sputum Some idea of the constituents of the sputum can be obtained by attention to the points already mentioned; but in cases in which there is any obscurity, a careful microscopi...

Cold In The Head or Coryza: The Symptoms of Cold In The Head or Coryza Chilliness; sneezing: snuffing: lassitude: pain in the forehead; watery discharge from nose, becoming thick and yellow after two or three days; aching in th...

The Treatment of Cold In The Head or Coryza: The most efficient measures of treatment are rest, diet, and, when the disease is the result of exposure to cold, vigorous measures for securing activity of the skin, as the wet-sheet pack, the vapor,...

Chronic Nasal Catarrh: The Symptoms of Chronic Nasal Catarrh Similar to those of Coryza, but less acute; discharge from the nose, either through the nostri/s or throat; formation of greenish scales in the nose; mucous memb...

The Treatment of Chronic Nasal Catarrh: Notwithstanding the trivial importance usually attached to this disease, we believe it to be one of much greater gravity than might be supposed from the immediate results. Many people suffer from the ...

Ozena: The Symptoms of Ozena Stuffiness of the nose; swelling of the membrane; headache; general symptoms of acute or chronic catarrh; ill-smelling discharges, sometimes tinged with blood; formation of scab...

Nosebleed or Epistaxis: The Symptoms of Nosebleed or Epistaxis Stoppage of the nose; sensation of pressure in the lower part of the forehead just above the nose; blood flowing from one or both nostrils; sometimes the blood ...

The Treatment of Nosebleed or Epistaxis: Set the patient upright. Do not allow him to bend forward over a basin of water or anything of the sort. Place to the nose a dry linen handkerchief, pressing the comer of it as far as possible into th...

Catarrh Of The Larynx: The Symptoms of Catarrh Of The Larynx ACUTE: Tickling, burning, or soreness in the throat aggravated by speaking or talking; painful swelling; voice deeper than natural', hoarse, cracked, perhaps los...

The Treatment of Catarrh Of The Larynx: The most important measures of treatment are those which will prevent the occurrence of the disease. Among these may be mentioned particularly, bathing of the neck and throat with cold water two or th...

Croup: The Symptoms of Croup At first, those of a slight cold, or catarrh,-slight fever, hoarseness, cough, running at the nose; after a few hours, fits of coughing, increased hoarseness, and harassed respi...

The Treatment of Croup: The old treatment, by applying antimony, mercury, and blisters, was in the highest degree unsuccessful. According to Tanner, one-half the persons treated by this plan died. The disease is a very sever...

Oedema Of The Glottis: The Symptoms of Oedema Of The Glottis Hoarseness, rapidly increasing until the voice is lost; harsh, barking cough; inspiration laborious, long-drawn, and whistling; expiration short, easy, and gener...

Spasm Of The Glottis or Laryngismus Stridulus: The Symptoms of Spasm Of The Glottis or Laryngismus Stridulus Interruption of breathing; fingers and toes rigidly contracted; patient struggles for breath; becomes black in the face; suffocation thre...

Throat Consumption or Laryngeal Tuberculosis: The Symptoms of Throat Consumption or Laryngeal Tuberculosis Chiefly those of acute and chronic laryngitis; in addition, shortness of breath; hectic fever; emaciation and general debility; pulmonary ...

Paralysis Of The Glottis - Loss Of Voice or Aphonia: The Symptoms of Paralysis Of The Glottis - Loss Of Voice or Aphonia Complete or partial toes of voice; in slight cases, only hoarseness or deep monotone voice. This affection appears in two forms, a...

Acute Bronchitis: The Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis Shivering, sometimes distinct chill; slight fewer; tightness about the chest; cough, at first dry and hard, with expectoration of glary, frothy mucus; afterward, copi...

The Treatment of Acute Bronchitis: The treatment for this disease should be precisely the same as that recommended for acute catarrh of the larynx, with the exception that the local treatment should be administered to the whole chest a...

Capillary Bronchitis: The Symptoms of Capillary Bronchitis Those of acute bronchitis, to which are added great frequency and difficulty of breathing; if the patient can talk, speech is short and jerking; nostrils dilated ...

Chronic Bronchitis: The Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis Habitual cough; shortness of breath; copious expectoration; symptoms of acute bronchitis, with less intensity. The causes of chronic bronchitis are essentially the...

The Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis: The first attention should be given to the diet, which should be wholly unstimulating in character, consisting chiefly of farinaceous articles of food. Eggs and milk may also be allowed, and when the ...

Winter Cough: This is a mild form of chronic bronchitis which affects the patient only in winter. It is, in fact, the precursor of the more formidable disease. The patient takes a cold at the beginning of winter, a...

Bronchial Croup Or Croupous Bronchitis: The Symptoms of Bronchial Croup Or Croupous Bronchitis Expectoration of casts of bronchial tubes; dry cough; bleeding from lungs; some difficulty in breathing; often begins with chill, followed by fe...

Asthma: The Symptoms of Asthma Patient suddenly attacked' or after premonitions of headache, sleepiness, etc., or an attack of indigestion; great difficulty of breathing; chest becomes distended, since the a...

The Treatment of Asthma: When the attack is occasioned by indigestion, and there is undigested food in the stomach, give the patient an emetic of warm water at once. Small bits of ice swallowed, or a cup of strong coffee, wil...

Spasm Of The Diaphragm: The Symptoms of Spasm Of The Diaphragm Breathing very difficult and slow, expiration twice as long as inspiration; abdominal muscles hard; face blue; no wheezing or whistling. This is a peculiar for...

Hay Asthma Or Hay Fever: The Symptoms of Hay Asthma Or Hay Fever Usually begins with weakness, coated tongue, diarrhea, alternating with constipation, general debility, and sleeplessness; sometimes begins suddenly; tickling ...

The Treatment of Hay Asthma Or Hay Fever: The author of the article on hay fever in Ziemssens Cyclopedia of Medicine says, Treatment is still powerless against hay fever. It has long been considered as settled that drugs are of no value in ...

Emphysema: The Symptoms of Emphysema Weak cough: frothy or heavy yellow expectoration; shortness of breath on making any exertion: voice weak; complexion dusky or bluish: asthmatic attacks: weak pulse; digestio...

The Treatment of Emphysema: If the disease is the result of, or is accompanied by, bronchial catarrh, this must receive such treatment as has been already prescribed for that disease. The patient must avoid exposure to cold. A u...

Collapse Of Lungs: The Symptoms of Collapse Of Lungs Shallow breathing; shortness of breath; blueness of the countenance, due to deficient aeration of the blood; in chronic cases the pulse becomes small, complexion pal...

Congestion Of The Lungs: The Symptoms of Congestion Of The Lungs Fullness or constriction of the chest; shortness of breath; dry, hacking cough, sometimes accompanied with frothy expectoration, occasionally streaked with bfo...

The Treatment of Congestion Of The Lungs: Forbid all kinds of foods and drinks of a stimulating character, especially in that form of active congestion seen in narrow-chested young persons, and which Is very likely to result in consumption. T...

Hemorrhage Of The Lungs or Haemoptysis: The Symptoms of Hemorrhage Of The Lungs or Haemoptysis Blood frothy and coughed up in mouthfuls; blood mingled with phlegm or mucus; blood bright red and fluid, no clots. The following comparative t...

The Treatment of Hemorrhage Of The Lungs or Haemoptysis: Rest in bed with the head and shoulders elevated. Mental and physical quiet. Restrain cough as much as possible, as it greatly aggravates the hemorrhage. Give patient iced-water to drink and small bit...

Pulmonary Apoplexy: The Symptoms of Pulmonary Apoplexy Violent hemorrhage from the lunge; or suffocation, due to filling of the lungs with blood; or sudden death from internal hemorrhage. In less severe cases the chief ...

Pneumonia or Inflammation Of The Lungs: There are three forms of pneumonia, croupous, catarrhal, and chronic. We will first call attention to Croupous Pneumonia The Symptoms of Croupous Pneumonia Marked chill, followed by fever which...

The Treatment of Croupous Pneumonia: The old-fashioned routine treatment of blood-letting, is now, fortunately, pretty much out of date. The study of the natural history of the disease has recently shown that the great majority of cases ...

Catarrhal Or Lobular Pneumonia: The Symptoms of Catarrhal Or Lobular Pneumonia High fewer; short, harsh, painful, hacking cough; other symptoms of croupous pneumonia; occurs most often in children as a complication of measles or wh...

Chronic Pneumonia: The Symptoms of Chronic Pneumonia Cough; evidences of bronchia1 irritation; sinking in of the chest wall upon the affected side. This is a rare disease. It occurs most often after pneumonia, and acc...

Consumption or Tuberculosis: The Symptoms of Consumption or Tuberculosis Loss of appetite; emaciation; debility; malaise; frequent breathing; shortness of breath on slight exercise; pain in chest and shoulders; prickling, heat, ...

The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis: The following may be mentioned as the most clearly traceable causes of consumption: 1. Impure Air - The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis The health of the lungs depends more upon purity of th...

The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis. Part 2: 4. Tight Lacing - The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis This absurd and not yet obsolete custom has contributed a large proportion of the victims to this disease. By constriction of the chest, so...

The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis. Part 3: 6. Sexual Excesses - The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis Self-abuse and excessive venery are undoubtedly most powerful acting causes of pulmonary consumption. The enervating effects of these vi...

The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis. Part 4: 9. Alcoholic Drinks - The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis Dr. Richardson has recently shown that the use of alcohol not only predisposes an individual to consumption but that it entails upon hi...

The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis. Part 5: 14. Climate - The Causes of Consumption or Tuberculosis Much has been said about the influence of climate as a cause of consumption; but we think that much more has been charged to climate than is re...

The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: The first and most important measures of treatment are those which contemplate the prevention of the malady. These consist first, of a careful avoidance of all the known causes of the disease; and sec...

1. To Check the Fever - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: If possible, prevent the chill which almost always precedes the fever, by keeping the patient in bed until an hour or two after the usual time for chilling is past, placing warm jugs or bricks at his ...

2. To Improve the Patients Nutrition - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: -As defective nutrition is one of the principal causes of consumption, the improvement of the patient's nutrition is one of the most essential features of the treatment of this disease. In order to a...

3. To Arrest Night Sweats - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: The exhausting sweats from which many patient's suffer, particularly at night, or at any time when asleep, should bo checked as speedily as possible. The best means of accomplishing this are the use o...

4. To Alleviate the Cough - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: This troublesome symptom is often one of the chief sources of weakness and increasing debility, since it deprives the patient of his necessary rest at night and excites him with continued and harassin...

5. To Develop the Lungs - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: As one of the causes of lung disease is deficient exercise of the lungs, it naturally follows that suitable exercise of these organs constitutes one of the most important measures of treatment. The ge...

6. To Sustain and Invigorate the Patient in every Possible Way - The Treatment of Consumption or Tuberculosis: As this disease is characterized in a remarkable degree by progressively increasing debility, no means should be neglected which will contribute in any degree to sustain the patient's strength and rei...

Miliary Tuberculosis: The Symptoms of Miliary Tuberculosis Frequent chills; fever; very frequent and small pulse; exhausting sweats; dry tongue; often delirium or stupor; great prostration; cough; shortness of breath; at ...

Pleurisy: The Symptoms of Pleurisy ACUTE: Chilliness; fever; sharp pain or stitch in the affected side, generally located below the nipple; pain increased by coughing, pressure, or lying on affected side; ho...

The Treatment of Pleurisy: The principal treatment required by the acute form of this disease is confinement in bed; a restricted diet, consisting of oatmeal gruel, fruits and grains, and other light vegetable food; avoidance o...

Hydrothorax or Dropsy Of The Chest: The Symptoms of Hydrothorax or Dropsy Of The ChestGreat difficulty in breathing, or shortness of breath, especially on slight exertion; dullness on percussion of the lower part of the chest. Dropsy o...

Pneumothorax: The Symptoms of Pneumothorax Patient feels as though something had burst in his chest; very difficult breathing; patient lies upon the affected side, or sits up; severe pain in the region of the l...

Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs. Cough: Cough. - Coughing Is a convulsive expiratory effort, usually repeated several times in rapid succession. It is symptomatic of several varieties of conditions, but by no means always indicates disease ...

Pain in the Chest - Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs: Pain in the chest may be stinging, burning, or lancinating in character; it may be dull and continuous, or sharp and only occurring at intervals. Patients also frequently complain of weight, oppressio...

Shortness of Breath - Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs: This symptom may arise from restriction of respiration caused by pain, as in pleurisy and often in intercostal neuralgia, or it may arise from the disablement of a larger or smaller portion of the lu...

Sneezing - Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs: This symptom consists in an explosive expiratory effort, the air being expelled through both the mouth and nose, but chiefly through the former. It is oftenest occasioned by irritation of the nasal an...

Hiccough - Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs: This symptom is produced by a sudden spasm of the diaphragm. It may be excited by eating too much, thus causing indigestion and irritation of the stomach; drinking a large quantity of cold water, or b...

Foul Breath - Symptoms Relating To The Respiratory Organs: Although this symptom does not necessarily pertain to the respiratory organs, it may be considered here, perhaps more properly than in any other connection. Foulness of breath may arise from decaying ...

Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs. The Pulse in Health: The Pulse in Health. - The pulse is about 120 to 140 at birth. It gradually diminishes until it reaches about 90 at the age of seven or eight years. In adult life it is 65 to 75, and in old age not mu...

The Pulse in Disease - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The following are the principal varieties of the pulse: Frequent Pulse A pulse diminished in force, increased in frequency. A characteristic of debility. Febrile Pulse In fever, the rate of pu...

Hemorrhage as a Symptom - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: Hemorrhage, not from a wound, is generally caused by a diseased condition or morbid state of the blood vessels. Spitting of blood may indicate hemorrhage from the stomach, or lungs, or simply from the...

Hypertrophy Or Overgrowth Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Hypertrophy Or Overgrowth Of The Heart Heavy beating of the heart; visible pulsation of the arteries; ringing iin the ears; spots before the eyes; dizziness; in severe cases, apoplexy...

Dilatation Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Dilatation Of The Heart Small, feeble pu/se, frequency increased on slight exertion; enlargement and pulsation of the veins of the neck; congestion of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and s...

Fatty Degeneration Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Fatty Degeneration Of The Heart Slow and feeble or irregular and frequent pulse; shortness of breath on exertion; occasional pain in the region of the heart; attacks of faintness or u...

Pericarditis or Inflammation Of The Heart-Case - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Pericarditis or Inflammation Of The Heart-Case May be slight; if severe, high fever, pain over the heart extending to the shoulder-blade, collar-bone, shoulder, and down the arm; palp...

Endocarditis or Inflammation Of The Lining Membrane Of The Heart: The Symptoms of Endocarditis or Inflammation Of The Lining Membrane Of The Heart Palpitation; pain and uneasiness in the region of the heart; fever; restlessness; feeble pulse; shortness of breath; p...

Inflammation Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Heart Weak action of the heart and feeble pulse; first sound of heart weak or absent. This is an inflammation of the substance of the heart itself. It is a diseas...

Valvular Disease Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Valvular Disease Of The Heart Palpitation; heavy beating of the heart and shortness of breath, especially on slight exertion or excitement; active congestion of the lungs; congestion ...

Embolism And Thrombosis - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: Embolism is the clogging up of an artery by means of a small clot of blood or a fragment of calcareous matter from the heart, fat globules, hydatids or bacteria, which are carried by the current of bl...

Palpitation Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: This is a functional disorder of the heart, probably dependent upon some sort of disturbance in the nerve centers having control of the organ. It consists in a rapid and disturbed action of the heart ...

Angina Pectoris - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Angina Pectoris Intense pain in the region of the heart, sometimes extending down the left arm to the ends of the fingers; a sense of suffocation and of impending death; great pallor ...

Basedow's Disease Or Exophthalmic Goitre - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Basedow's Disease Or Exophthalmic Goitre Remarkable rapid pulse, from one hundred to one hundred and forty a minute; unusual prominence of the eyes, giving them a storing or ferocious...

Aneurism Of The Heart - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Aneurism Of The Heart The symptoms resemble valvular disease of the heart, with pains much greater than in the latter affection. This disease consists in the formation of a sac in th...

Disease Of The Arteries - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The arteries are, as a general rule, quite free from disease, but not wholly so. The principal affections are, aneurism and calcification. Inflammation of the arteries is a very rare disease, occurrin...

Disease Of The Veins - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: The Symptoms of Disease Of The Veins Pain on pressure; swelling and redness following course of rein and extending toward heart; when suppuration occurs, chills and wandering pains: much disturbance ...

Varicose Veins - Diseases Of The Circulatory Organs: This is a condition in which the veins are greatly dilated and become tortuous in their course. It is occasioned by occupations which require long standing upon the feet, by constipation, and especial...

Inflammation Of The Lymphatics: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Lymphatics Enlargement of a lymphatic gland, forming a painful lump usually felt in the side of the neck, in the arm-pit, in the knee, or in the groin, from which ...

Leuchaemia or White Blood: The Symptoms of Leuchaemia or White Blood Fullness in the left side, due to enlargement of the spleen, or enlarged lymphatic glands; patient pale and weak; nosebleed or hemorrhage from the bowels; at...

Cyanosis or Blue Disease: The Symptoms of Cyanosis or Blue Disease Blue or purplish color of the skin, lips, and under the skin; coolness of the body; palpitation; shortness of breath; bulbous enlargement of tips of fingers a...

Diseases Of The Nervous System: The notable increase in the frequency of nervous diseases in modem times gives to this class of affections on importance far greater than has been attached to them at any previous period in the histor...

Causes of Increased Frequency of Nervous Diseases: First among the causes which have undoubtedly led to this state of things, may be mentioned the unnatural hurry and bustle of modem life, and the numerous sources of excitement and morbid nervous acti...

Pain - Diseases Of The Nervous System: Pain is one of the most common of all the symptoms manifested by the nervous system; yet it is impossible to frame a definition which will exactly describe it. Indeed, it is impossible to formulate a ...

The Treatment of Pain - Diseases Of The Nervous System: From the earliest ages there has been an earnest search for a universal panacea for pain. It is universally regarded as an enemy which should be contended against and subdued as quickly as possible. T...

Cold In The Treatment of Pain: Cold is generally the most efficacious remedy for the relief of pain when it is produced by active congestion or inflammation. Pain accompanied by a great amount of heat generally calls for the applic...

Electricity In The Treatment of Pain: Electricity occupies a very important place as a remedy for the relief of pain. As a general rule, the galvanic current is more effective than the faradic, though the latter sometimes succeeds when th...

Rubbing In The Treatment of Pain: Rubbing, gently stroking the part which is the seat of the active pain, will not infrequently secure prompt relief from suffering. This is especially true in the case of headache, pain in the joints, ...

Rest and Position In The Treatment of Pain: Rest and Position are also effective means of relieving pain in certain cases. Severe headache generally requires a recumbent posture. Pain and neuralgia also demand rest. Pain arising from inflammati...

Diet In The Treatment of Pain: Diet is in many instances a potent factor in the production of pain, and may be made equally effective in its relief. Abstinence from the use of flesh food will frequently relieve obstinate headaches ...

Drugs In The Treatment of Pain: Drugs are to be employed as little as possible for the purpose of securing relief from pain. One reason for this is that in general they do nothing toward removing the cause of the symptom. Another st...

Vertigo: Dizziness may be the result of too much or too little blood in the brain. It is a very frequent symptom of indigestion, being often caused by gas in the stomach. By pressure of the distended stomach u...

Nervousness: This is a condition so exceedingly variable in character as to be very difficult of description, yet so common that few are unaware of its nature. It may perhaps be said to be a morbidly sensitive or ...

Neurasthenia Or Nervous Exhaustion: The Symptoms or Neurasthenia Or Nervous Exhaustion Tenderness of the scalp; dilated pupils; headache; pain, pressure, and heaviness in the head; spots before the eyes; noises in the ears; irritabilit...

The Treatment or Neurasthenia Or Nervous Exhaustion: Nearly all cases of neurasthenia are curable if the proper conditions and treatment can be supplied; the majority of cases will recover in time with the simple abandonment of all the causes, and caref...

Congestion Or Hyperaemia Of The Brain: The Symptoms of Congestion Or Hyperaemia Of The Brain ACTIVE: Wakefulness, or troubled, unrefreshing sleep; bad dreams; confusion of mind, with loss of power of concentration of thought; loss of memo...

The Treatment of Congestion Or Hyperaemia Of The Brain: The sufferer from congestion of the brain should carefully ascertain the cause of the disease, and should then, without delay, change his habits and mode of life, so as to secure the most complete avo...

Anaemia Of The Brain: The Symptoms of Anaemia Of The Brain ACUTE: Fainting; pallor; dilated pupils; pulse weak, frequent and threadlike; sighing respiration; cold extremities. CHRONIC: Vertigo; especially on rising from ...

Apoplexy: The Symptoms of Apoplexy WARNING: A sensation of weight and fullness in the head; headache and dizziness, especially on stooping; noises in the ears; sometimes temporary deafness; blindness or double...

Apoplexy. Continued: The Causes of Apoplexy Apoplexy occurs more often in males than in females. With respect to age, the disease is rare before twenty-two years, and increases in frequency with the increase of age from ...

The Treatment of Apoplexy: We will consider the treatment of this affection under four separate heads as follows: 1. Preventive Treatment of Apoplexy This consists chiefly in the careful avoidance of all the known exciting ...

The Treatment of Apoplexy. Continued: 4. Apoplexy Treatment of the After - Results We consider it specially important that the public should be rendered intelligent respecting this part of the treatment of this disease, as a large share ...

Sun-Stroke: The Symptoms of Sun-Stroke Sudden pain in the head; fullness and pressure at the pit of the stomach; sometimes nausea and vomiting; weakness, especially in the legs; dizziness; sight dim and indistin...

Brain Fever: The Symptoms of Brain Fever ACUTE: Fever; sometimes chill and convulsions; pulse hard and rapid; vomiting; constipation; severe headache, which is aggravated by light and noise; alternate pallor and ...

Softening Of The Brain: The Symptoms of Softening Of The Brain Pain in the head; dizziness; impairment of intellect; drowsiness; despondency; slow and hesitating speech; loss of speech; prickling and twitching of the limbs;...

Induration Or Hardening Of The Brain: The Symptoms of Induration Or Hardening Of The Brain Shooting pain in the head; trembling of the upper or lower limbs, or of the head: dizziness; melancholy; epileptic convulsions; paralysis occurrin...

Hypertrophy And Atrophy Of The Brain: There is some evidence that the brain occasionally becomes overgrown in consequence of disease. This overgrowth does not consist, however, in an increase of the nerve cells and fibers of the brain, bu...

Tumors Of The Brain: The Symtoms of Tumors Of The Brain Headache, confined to a email space; constant dizziness; momentary loss of consciousness; roaring in the ears; sensation of ants crawling; numbness in different par...

Spinal Meningitis: The Symptoms of Spinal Meningitis High fever; wakefulness; burning pain in the spine, extending to the limbs, which increases by pressure; spasm of the muscles of the neck and back; sometimes head dr...

Inflammation Of The Spinal Cord - Myelitis: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Spinal Cord or Myelitis Slight fever; dull, aching pain in the back; gradual loss of motion and sensation in the limbs; loss of control in the bladder and rectum; ...

Paralysis Of The Lower Limbs or Paraphlegia: The Symptoms of Paralysis Of The Lower Limbs or Paraphlegia Weakness; numbness; tingling in feet and legs, increasing to complete loss of sensation and motion; paralysis of the bladder and rectum; ur...

Spinal Irritation Or Spinal Anaemia: The Symptoms of Spinal Irritation Or Spinal Anaemia Tenderness of the spine, at one or more points, which is increased by pressure; pain produced in the spinal cord by percussion and by motion of the...

The Treatment of Spinal Irritation Or Spinal Anaemia: The proper plan of treatment consists in removing the causes, so far as possible, by the employment of such remedies as will improve the general condition of the patient, and the application to the sp...

Loco-Motor Ataxia: The Symptoms of Loco-Motor Ataxia Begins with dull, heavy pain in the small of the back; pain shooting down the limbs; sensation of a cord tied around the body; or, it may begin with vertigo, epilept...

Neuralgia: The Symptoms of Neuralgia Pain either constant or intermittent; may be continuous with frequent exacerbations; when it occurs in paroxysms is described as darting, tearing, or lancinating, and is oft...

Migraine or Hemicrania: The Symptoms of Migraine or Hemicrania Attack usually begins in the morning, with heavy, uneasy sensations; slight chilliness; disposition to gape; headache, confined to one side, which rapidly incre...

Faceache, Or Facial Neuralgia: This is one of the most common forms of neuralgia. The pain is usually confined to one side of the face. It may be excited by cold, by decayed teeth, or by causes which are unknown. In some cases the ...

Lumbago: The Symptoms of Lumbago Pain in the back, increased by muscular exercise; patient cannot straighten without great suffering; many tender points found about the seat of pain. The Causes of Lumbago ...

Intercostal Neuralgia: The Symptoms of Intercostal Neuralgia Pain in the chest, either upon one or both sides; in females most often felt under the breast; pain usually continuous; respiration painful, laughing, coughing, ...

Sciatica: The Symptoms of Sciatica Begins as a dull, heavy ache in the back and upper portion of the thigh; pain gradually becomes more intense, and is increased by motion of the affected limb; sometimes accom...

Headache As A Symptom Of Disease: Headache, as a symptom of disease, is present in a great variety of conditions. It is nearly always present in acute fevers. It is also present in most organic diseases of the brain and spine, as well...

Congestive Headache - Headache As A Symptom Of Disease: In this form of headache the head is hot; face flushed; arteries of the neck throbbing; eyes red; and patient complains of a bursting feeling, as though the brain were too large for the skull; the han...

Anaemic Headache - Headache As A Symptom Of Disease: In this kind of headache, the condition of the brain is just the opposite of that in the variety just described. The organ contains too little blood instead of too much. It occurs most often in aged o...

Sympathetic Headache - Headache As A Symptom Of Disease: This form of headache may arise from disturbance of the stomach, liver, or from irritation of the uterus or ovaries. Headache arising from disturbance of the stomach or liver is generally felt in the ...

Sick or Bilious Headache - Headache As A Symptom Of Disease: This form is characterized by a throbbing, splitting pain in the temples. The patient also feels sickness at the stomach, and generally vomits a large quantity of undigested food followed by bile, bef...

Headache from Other Diseases: The headaches of fever, and the headaches which are present in connection with various other diseases, as gout, neuralgia, rheumatism, diseases of the heart, kidneys, and organic affections of the bra...

Chorea or St. Vitus Dance: The Symptoms of Chorea or St. Vitus Dance At first, slight twitching of the muscles of the face and limbs on one side; after a time, nearly all the muscles of the body become affected; constant restl...

The Treatment of Chorea or St. Vitus Dance: The disease is rarely, if ever, fatal, though it may continue a long time if proper treatment is not administered. The most important of all are such hygienic measures as will improve the patient's ge...

Epilepsy Or Falling Sickness: The Symptoms of Epilepsy Or Falling Sickness Convulsions, or fits, in which the patient falls; violent jerking of the muscles; frothing at the mouth; biting of the tongue; face at first livid, afterw...

The Treatment of Epilepsy Or Falling Sickness: This is an exceedingly obstinate disease, and has long been looked upon as almost incurable. Undoubtedly there are many cases in which the disease is incurable in character on account of the incurable...

Hysteria: The Symptoms of Hysteria Patient laughs or cries immoderately without cause; has hallucinations; all the senses perverted; morbidly sensitive to light and\sound; breast sensitive; pain in ovary; head...

The Treatment of Hysteria: This disease may be considered as curable in nearly all cases. Indeed it is not, of itself, a fatal malady; but mental and moral, as well as medical, treatment are essential. The patient must be taugh...

Catalepsy: The Symptoms of Catalepsy Sudden loss of consciousness: patient remains motionless in the same position as when attacked; slight rigidity of the muscles. This affection is similar to trance. It occu...

Tetanus or Lockjaw: The Symptoms of Tetanus or Lockjaw Begin suddenly; muscles of the throat and jaw usually affected first: sensation of stiffness and difficulty in swallowing: jaw becomes set. mouth closed, teeth clen...

Paralysis Agitans or Shaking Palsy: The Symptoms of Paralysis Agitans or Shaking Palsy Trembling in some portions of the body, usually the arm or leg; trembling ceases when asleep; diminished muscular power. There are two forms of thi...

Muscular Atrophy or Wasting Palsy: The Symptoms of Muscular Atrophy or Wasting Palsy Begins with loss of strength in arms and legs; pain in the affected muscles; slight quivering of the muscles; most often commences in the upper extre...

Neuritis or Inflammation Of A Nerve: The Symptoms of Neuritis or Inflammation Of A Nerve Neuralgic pain in the affected nerve, with loss of sensation in the parts to which it is distributed; pain continuous; nerve tender; pressure upon ...

Facial Paralysis: The Symptoms of Facial Paralysis Patient cannot dose the eye on tho paralyzed side; cannot wink; tears run over the lower lid upon the cheek; face drawn to one side, most evident when patient smiles....

Temporary Paralysis: A slight temporary paralysis is sometimes produced by pressure upon a nerve trunk. Temporary paralysis of the arm is often produced by lying upon it during sleep, or falling asleep with it hanging ove...

Mimetic Spasm Of The Face: The Symptoms of Mimetic Spasm Of The Face Grimaces, usually of one side of the face only, such as wrinkling the forehead, blinking the eyes, twitching of the nostrils, drawing down the corners of the...

Torticollis or Wry Neck: The Symptoms of Torticollis or Wry Neck Ear of one side drawn toward collar-bone, twisting the head; spasm interrupted or continuous; when both sides are affected, spasmodic nodding, or head bent for...

Writer's Cramp: The Symptoms of Writer's Cramp At first, fatigue and sense of insecurity in arm and hand; patient grasps his pen too firmly; fingers seem clumsy; pen jerked up and down by twitching of the muscles of...

Cramp: This term is applied to a sudden spasmodic contraction of a single muscle or set of muscles. It most frequently occurs in the calf of the leg. It sometimes extends to the whole body. It is often very ...

Sleeplessness Or Insomnia: This is a serious symptom of disease of the nervous system which should not be neglected. When an individual cannot sleep, his nervous system will rapidly get out of repair, and serious disorders will...

The Treatment of Sleeplessness Or Insomnia: A person who suffers from sleeplessness should avoid the use of tea and coffee, tobacco, alcoholic liquors, and all other stimulants and narcotics, but should especially avoid eating late at night Eat...

Somnambulism: Sleep-walking must be regarded as a nervous disorder, or at least symptomatic of a disordered condition of the nervous system. It most often occurs in persons of a hysterical temperament, being very c...

Homesickness or Nostalgia: Although homesickness is generally regarded as a mere notion on the part of the patient, it is, in reality, in many cases, a disease, and should be treated as such. Cases have occurred, in which, thro...

Hypochondria: This disease derived its name from the supposition that it was dependent upon disease of the liver. The malady assumes a great variety of forms. The patient is generally moody and desponding, the degr...

Insanity: This is an affection which has given rise to an immense amount of discussion among physicians, philosophers, and moralists, from the earliest ages down to the present. Mental derangement has been univ...

Insanity. Continued: Illusion as a Symptom of Insanity Illusion is a false, exaggerated, or perverted perception of something which is really appreciated by the senses; for example, the patient, seeing a small object mov...

The Causes of Insanity: The causes of insanity include all of the numerous causes to which attention has been called in the first part of this section, as productive of nervous disease. Anything which tends to interfere with...

Types of Mental Disease: Mania In this form of mental disease nearly all the mental faculties are generally affected. The patient suffers with illusions, hallucinations, and delusions. The controlling influence of the will o...

Paresis Or General Paralysis Of The Insane: The symptoms of this disease are slight trembling of the hand, especially when extended, and of the tongue, when protruded, and lips, when peaking. There is a marked change in character and dispositio...

Idiocy And Imbecility: Idiocy is a condition of mental deficiency existing from birth, the individual being bom with a deformed or undeveloped brain, just as persons may be bom with deficient development of the limbs or of ...

The Treatment of Idiocy And Imbecility: Notwithstanding the apparently hopeless character of these cases, much has been done in modem times to ameliorate their condition. It has been shown, by actual experiment, that almost every case may b...

Lead Palsy or Wrist-Drop: Various nervous symptoms arise from poisoning the system with, lead. These may be either slight or extremely severe. Among slight symptoms may be mentioned headache, dizziness, fullness and constricti...

Alcoholism: The Symptoms of Alcoholism Tremor, and unsteadiness, especially of the upper extremities, after a time of the lower limbs, most marked in the beginning; loss of muscular power; great nervousness, whi...

Delirium Tremens: The Symptoms of Delirium Tremens At first, loss of appstite, nausea, and vomiting, especially in the morning; either diarrhea or obstinate constipation; tongue coated and dry; great debility; pulse f...

The Treatment of Delirium Tremens: The treatment of this disease by means of opiates, large doses of bromide of potash, chloral, etc., is very often unsuccessful, especially in severe cases. The best treatment consists in keeping the p...

The Opium Habit: As in the case of inebriety, opium-taking is at first merely a habit, but finally develops into a formidable disease. The morbid condition established by the long-continued use of opium is, if possibl...

The Treatment of an Opium Habit: The amount of opium which the system will tolerate after the habit has been continued for many years, is sometimes astonishing. We have had under treatment patients taking daily amounts varying from o...

The Tobacco Habit: This habit, when thoroughly fixed upon an individual, is scarcely less difficult of abandonment, in many cases, than the use of opium. Some persons are able to enounce their accustomed pipe or cigar a...

The Tea And Coffee Habit: Individuals sometimes become as thoroughly enslaved to the use of strong tea and coffee as do other persons to the use of tobacco, liquor, or opium. An English physician has recently called attention ...

Fatty Degeneration Of The Nerves: This is a morbid process in which the proper nerve substance is gradually removed, fatty particles being deposited in its place. A nerve which has undergone fatty degeneration has lost its power to tr...

Disorders Of Speech: We have already considered loss and impairment of the voice from disease of the vocal apparatus and from paralysis of the nerves which control the muscles of speech, under the head of Aphonia. We ha...

Aphasia - Disorders Of Speech: This is a condition arising from a disease of the brain which occasions loss or impairment of the idea of language or its expression. It differs from aphonia in that in the latter disease, speech is i...

The Treatment of Aphasia: The treatment of aphasia consists chiefly in the treatment of the cause from which it arises. Unfortunately, this cannot always be removed, so that in many cases complete recovery is impossible. Howev...

Stammering - Disorders Of Speech: This difficulty is an inability to pronounce letters properly. This is sometimes the result of defects in the organs of speech, such as cleft palate, paralysis of the soft palate, tongue-tie and other...

Stuttering - Disorders Of Speech: Stuttering and stammering should not be confounded, as they are distinct forms of speech disturbance. In stuttering, there is no lack of ability to pronounce sounds distinctly, but a want of power to ...

The Treatment of Stuttering: The treatment of this difficulty involves the removal of the causes, so far as possible, by the improvement of the general health, by tonic baths, nourishing diet, and exercise, especially lung gymnas...

Seasickness: The Symptoms of Seasickness Headache; dizziness; nausea and vomiting, with severe retching; great prostration. This disease generally occurs in persons who are taking a voyage at sea, or on any larg...

Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder - The Diseases Of The Urinary Organs: Painful Urination This is a symptom which accompanies many diseases of the bladder and urethra. It is due to an irritable condition of the mucous membrane of the urethra or bladder. It may often be m...

Retention of Urine - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: This symptom occurs more often in males than in females, owing to the greater length of the urethra, or passage through which the urine escapes from the bladder. It frequently results, especially in f...

Suppression of Urine - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: This condition differs from the preceding in that it is a diminished production of the urine by the kidneys, instead of being a retention by the bladder. This is a very serious symptom, indicating ina...

Color of the Urine - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: The natural color of the urine varies from a light straw color to a yellow brown. The color is derived from the coloring matter of the blood. When urine is very abundant, its color is light; and when ...

Reaction of Urine - Acidity or Alkalinity: By reaction is meant the condition of urine as to acidity or alkalinity. This is determined by test paper for the purpose. Alkaline urine turns red paper blue. Acid urine changes blue paper to red. In...

Density of Urine: By density is meant the specific gravity of the urine, which is determined by an instrument for the purpose, called a urinometer. As the density of urine varies considerably during the twenty-four hou...

Urinary Deposits - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: Healthy urine is perfectly clear when it is first passed, although it may present, on standing for some time, a slightly clouded appearance. In various diseases, however, which are greater or lesser d...

Uric Acid - Urinary Deposits - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: Fig. 324 and 325. A deposit resembling brick dust in color, or a fine, reddish sand, consists of uric acid. The test for uric acid is the following. Place a few crystals on a white plate; add a drop o...

Urates - Urinary Deposits - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: A deposit of urates in the urine produces a turbid appearance. The color varies with that of the urine; may be white, yellow, pink, or red. It is noticed only after the urine is cold, and may be disti...

Phosphates - Urinary Deposits - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: Fig. 326. This is a white sediment which is found in alkaline urine. It is distinguished from urates by not being dissolved when the urine is heated. It is, however, dissolved by acids. It is chiefly...

Oxalate of Lime - Urinary Deposits - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: Fig. 327. This deposit is discovered only by means of the microscope. It is chiefly found in men, and generally occurs in patients suffering with indigestion, palpitation of the heart, irritable bladd...

Congestion Of The Kidneys - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: The Symptoms of Congestion Of The Kidneys Urine very abundant, pate, or scanty and high-colored; if scanty, containing albumen, and often blood; examination with a microscope shows casts; denoting ca...

Hemorrhage From The Kidneys - Symptoms Relating To Disease Of The Kidneys And Bladder: The Symptoms of Hemorrhage From The Kidneys Bloody urine, which coagulates when heated; bleeding excited by exercise; dots in the urine. This disease cannot always be positively distinguished from h...

Acute Inflammation Of The Kidneys or Acute Bright's Disease: The Symptoms of Acute Inflammation Of The Kidneys or Acute Bright's Disease Chill, followed by fever and sharp pain in the region of the kidneys; sometimes violent vomiting; frequent urination; suppr...

The Treatment of Acute Inflammation Of The Kidneys or Acute Bright's Disease: The essentials of treatment consist in fomentations to the small of the back; warm baths, followed by wrapping the patient in warm blankets, so as to continue the sweating; vapor baths, and hot-air ba...

Chronic Bright's Disease: The Symptoms of Chronic Bright's Disease Increasing debility; pallor; viscid urine; if the urine is shaken in a bottle, much froth, which lasts for a long time; urine coagulates with nitric acid, and...

The Treatment of Chronic Bright's Disease: The same precautions respecting diet, clothing, etc., should be followed as prescribed for acute Bright s disease. Prof. Niemeyer and others have claimed excellent results from the use of an exclusive...

Abscess Of The Kidneys: The Symptoms of Abscess Of The Kidneys Begins with chill, followed by fever; violent pain in the region of the kidneys, and increased by pressure, extending along the urethra to the bladder, and down...

Abscess Near The Kidney: The Symptoms of Abscess Near The Kidney Symptoms similar to those of the preceding disease, only the urine is not affected; great pain; tumor felt at the back, just below the lower ribs; in some case...

Fatty Degeneration Of The Kidneys: The Symptoms of Fatty Degeneration Of The Kidneys Debility, gradually increasing; great pallor of face and skin, often accompanied by puffiness; frequent pulse; frequent urination; dyspepsia, with at...

Waxy Degeneration Of The Kidneys: The Symptoms of Waxy Degeneration Of The Kidneys Gradually increasing loss of strength; lassitude; great thirst; unusual quantity of urine; albumen in the urine; cloudy sediment, which is composed of...

Floating Kidney: The Symptoms of Floating Kidney Movable tumor of the size and shape of the. kidney, usually felt below the ribs on the right side. This disease, although not very frequent, is occasionally met with,...

Addison's Disease or Bronze Skin: The Symptoms of Addison's Disease or Bronze Skin Gradual darkening of the skin to bronze color, sometimes green or black; most intense on exposed parts; the roots of the nails and whites of the eyes ...

Pyelitis or Inflammation Of The Pelvis Of The Kidneys: The Symptoms of Pyelitis or Inflammation Of The Pelvis Of The Kidneys Chills; fever; pain in region of the kidney, with tenderness; vomiting; frequent and painful desire to pass urine; excessive quan...

Gravel In The Kidney or Renal Colic: The Symptoms of Gravel In The Kidney or Renal Colic Small concretions and brick dust sediment passed in the urine; a sharp pain in the kidney, coming on after severe jolting, and acute pain darting f...

Parasites Of The Kidneys: The kidney is subject to parasitic affections as well as other parts, although less liable to be thus affected than the liver. The most common parasite of the kidney is the echinococcus. It is the und...

Catarrh Of The Bladder or Cystitis: The Symptoms of Catarrh Of The Bladder or Cystitis ACUTE: Chilliness; pain and tenderness in the region of the bladder, extending to the perinoeum, and down the limbs; burning pain in the urethra; fr...

The Treatment of Catarrh Of The Bladder or Cystitis: Acute catarrh of the bladder generally recovers of itself in a short time, the patient having good care and proper nursing, and avoiding the causes by which the disease was produced. When it occurs in...

Hemorrhage Of The Bladder: The Symptoms of Hemorrhage Of The Bladder Bloody urine; many clots of considerable size. Hemorrhage from the bladder is sometimes difficult to distinguish from hemorrhage from the kidneys. When it o...

Incontinence Of Urine or Enuresis: This affection is often a troublesome one, unfitting the patients for their accustomed avocations, on account of the necessity of relieving the bladder so frequently, in some cases every fifteen or tw...

Spasm Of The Bladder: The Symptoms of Spasm Of The Bladder Incontinence; retention of urine; desire to pass urine, but inability to do so; violent pain, with intervals of complete relief; spasm in the rectum; in some case...

Paralysis Of The Bladder: The Symptoms of Paralysis Of The Bladder Retention of urine; when bladder is greatly distended, dribbling; urine bad smelling and loaded with mucus; often severe pain at neck of bladder. The Cause...

Irritability Of The Bladder: The Symptoms of Irritability Of The Bladder Straining after urination, with desire to pass water when the bladder is empty; frequent urination; dribbling urine; smarting in urination; pain in back an...

Gravel In Bladder: The Symptoms of Gravel In Bladder irritation of the bladder; white or red sediment passed with the urine. The Causes of Gravel In Bladder A red sediment occurs in persons whose urine is very acid...

Stone In The Bladder: The causes of this affection are similar to those of the preceding. Gravel probably originate in the kidneys, and finding their way to the bladder through the ureter, there become gradually enlarged ...

Tumors Of The Bladder: Tumors of various sorts, principally vascular or villous in character, occasionally form in the bladder, in consequence of long-continued catarrh of its mucous membrane; warty excresences are also for...

The Diseases Of The Locomotive Organs - Acute Rheumatism: The Symptoms of Acute Rheumatism Slight chilliness for two or three days, followed by fever, or fever from the first; pain in one or more joints, most frequently in the knee, ankle, wrist, or shoulde...

The Treatment of Acute Rheumatism: The preventive treatment of rheumatism consists in thoroughly clothing the body, wearing flannel next to the skin, protection from exposure to cold and damp, especially sudden checking of the perspira...

Chronic Rheumatism: The Symptoms of Chronic Rheumatism Pain in the joints; slight tenderness on pressure; more or less swelling of the joints; either one or several joints may be affected; slight fever or none at all; p...

The Treatment of Chronic Rheumatism: Pain and stiffness of the joints is best relieved by hot-water bags, hot fomentations, and friction. The prolonged hot spray and hot pour we have also used to very great advantage. In his article on t...

Deforming Rheumatism Or Rheumatic Gout: The Symptoms of Deforming Rheumatism Or Rheumatic Gout Pain in joints, usually slight, sometimes severe; pain increased by pressure and by motion of the joint; motion of the joint accompanied by slig...

Muscular Rheumatism: The Symptoms of Muscular Rheumatism Dull pain in the affected part, resembling that from a bruise; pain increased by motion, often of a cramp-like character, and sometimes excruciating; tenderness on...

The Treatment of Muscular Rheumatism: The best treatment for muscular rheumatism is the employment of moist heat, the application of hot bags, gentle rubbing, rest, and improvement of the general health. Galvanism, and, in most cases, far...

Gout: The Symptoms of Gout Acute pain in great toe, heel, or instep, occurring suddenly; chill, followed by heat; tenderness and swelling of the affected part; fever and restlessness; irritability of tempe...

The Treatment of Gout: In a majority of cases, the pain of gout is only a proper punishment for dietetic and other transgressions committed by the sufferer. Complete and permanent cure can only be effected by the adoption o...

Softening Of The Bones - Mollities Ossium - Osteo Malachia: The Symptoms of Softening Of The Bones - Mollities Ossium - Osteo Malachia Boring, tearing pain in the bones, relieved by quiet, increated by motion; pain at first thought to be rheumatic; slight fev...

Fatty Regeneration Of The Muscles: This is a morbid process in which the proper muscular tissue is replaced by little particles of fat. The change in appearance is easily seen by reference to Figs. 334 and 335, in which are shown the h...

Infectious Diseases: Under this heading will be considered all diseases of a contagious character, together with those which arise from miasma. A contagious disease is one which is communicated by actual contact of an ind...

Fever: Symptoms of Fever Usually begins with chill; dry, hot skin; full, quick pulse; elevation of temperature; thirst; coated tongue: headache; little or no appetite; nausea; pain in back and limbs. The a...

Classification of Fevers: We shall not here attempt to give a scientific and elaborate classification of the affections to which the term fevers is attached. Fevers in which the high temperature is continuous from the outset w...

The General Treatment of Fevers: In a majority of the infectious diseases of which fever is a prominent symptom, the great danger to life is occasioned by the great increase of temperature. This is also the principal cause of the rap...

Febricula: The Symptoms of Febricula Attacks generally abrupt; weakness; loss of appetite; chilliness; skin very hot; pulse rapid; severe pain in forehead; pain in back and limbs; constipation; urine scanty and...

Typhoid Fever: The Symptoms of Typhoid Fever Lassitude; irregular chills, sometimes followed by perspiration; frequently headache; confusion of mind; irritability of disposition; no appetite; nausea or vomiting; no...

The Treatment of Typhoid Fever: Typhoid fever is clearly a preventable disease, which may also be said of all other infectious and contagious diseases. Since its communicability has been established beyond question, it is of the gre...

Typhus Fever or Ship Fever: The Symptoms of Typhus Fever or Ship Fever Before the attack, slight chills; headache; disturbed sleep; no appetite; cough; coryza. The attack generally begins with severe chillf followed by continue...

The Treatment of Typhus Fever or Ship Fever: With reference to the treatment of this condition, the eminent Lebert remarks, Drugs, as such, are unnecessary. I give them chiefly to satisfy the patients and their friends. The same plan of treatm...

Relapsing Fever: The Symptoms of Relapsing Fever Begins with a chili, followed with high fever; great weakness; headache; dizziness; ringing in the ears; pain in back of neck, small of the back, and in the h'mbs; gen...

The Treatment of Relapsing Fever: Fortunately, this disease is not a very fatal one. With reference to its treatment, Lebert says, My recent, as well as my former, experience, has demonstrated the fact that there is no drug which may...

Bilious Typhoid: The Symptoms of Bilious Typhoid Pain in the head; dizziness and faintness; chills; pain in the limbs, especially the muscles and joints of the legs; continuous fever; restlessness; coated tongue; vom...

Yellow Fever: The Symptoms of Yellow Fever Disease usually preceded for two or three days by lassitude, headache, no appetite, pain in the head, chilliness. FIRST STAGE: Begins with chill, followed by fever; seve...

The Treatment of Yellow Fever: The first and most important measure of treatment to be considered in the management of an epidemic of this disease is prevention. The ravages of the malady cannot be checked in any way but by the enf...

The Plague: The Symptoms of The Plague Chill, followed by fever: dizziness: thickened speech: high fever; tongue coated, becoming dry and cracked, and covered with black crusts: delirium, followed by stupor; swe...

The Treatment of The Plague: In respect to no disease have the advantages of thorough quarantine been so thoroughly illustrated as in this. The necessity for isolation of infected indivuals was well understood many years ago. Whe...

Sweating Sickness or Miliary Fever: The Symptoms of Sweating Sickness or Miliary Fever Attack preceded for two or three days by irritation of the skin, dryness of the mouth, thirst, headache, generaI weakness, bad feeling in the stomac...

Erysipelatous Fever or Black Tongue: The Symptoms of Erysipelatous Fever or Black Tongue Fever, erysipelatous swelling of various parts of the body, most often the head; in severe cases, delirium; neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Erysipe...

Dengue Fever or Break-Bone Fever: The Symptoms of Dengue Fever or Break-Bone Fever loss of appetite; chilliness; lassitude; after one to four days, fever, lasting from nine hours to four days, attended by pain in the head, eyes, musc...

Influenza - Catarrhal Fever: The Symptoms of Influenza - Catarrhal Fever Chilly sensations and flashes of heat; cold in the head, with copious, irritating discharge; eyes red and tearful; tickling in the throat; hoarseness; sore...

Mumps Or Parotitis: The Symptoms of Mumps Or Parotitis Slight fever; headache; loss of appetite; swelling near the lobe of the ear, accompanied by heat and pain; motion of jaws painful and difficult. This common diseas...

The Treatment of Mumps Or Parotitis: Prof. Vogel, an eminent German physician, asserts that mumps ordinarily require no medicinal treatment, and that avoidance of injurious influences, rest, anti-febrile [vegetable] diet, and equable wa...

Cholera: The Symptoms of Cholera Three Stages. 1. Vomiting and purging; fluid stools resembling rice-water. 2. Contracted pupils; spasms; cramps in abdomen and lower limbs; skin cool; pulse intermittent 3. Su...

The Treatment of Cholera: The most important measures of treatment are of a preventive character, since it is generally acknowledged that severe cases are not likely to recover under any form of treatment. Preventive measures ...

Whooping-Cough - Chin Cough - Pertussis: The Symptoms of Whooping-Cough - Chin Cough - Pertussis Slight fever for eight or ten days, followed, sometimes accompanied, by violent paroxysme of coughing; coryza; hot, dry skin; restlessness; as ...

The Treatment of Whooping-Cough - Chin Cough - Pertussis: Avoid exposure to the exciting cause. Give special attention even to the slightest cold when the disease prevails, as a cold predisposes to the disease as does a diarrhea to cholera in cholera times. ...

Diphtheria: The Symptoms of Diphtheria CATARRHAL FORM: Slight fever; mataise; drynessin throat, with slight pain on swallowing; glands of throat swollen; mucous membrane red; small grayish- white or whitish-yell...

Exciting Causes of Diphtheria: The minute organisms peculiar to this disease act as the immediate exciting cause in all cases. These germs find ready access to the throat and nasal cavity, the parts most readily affected by the dis...

Predisposing Causes of Diphtheria: Anything which impairs the vital functions will predispose to an attack of any febrile or other disease. We do not purpose to mention here all the numerous causes of impaired vitality, but only some o...

Paralysis and Other After Results of Diphtheria: Secondary affections of various sorts may follow any form of diphtheritic disease. The most common of these is paralysis. Paralysis of the soft palate and pharynx is the most frequent; but the disease...

The Treatment of Diphtheria: The treatment of this disease has not usually been very satisfactory. The history of the various epidemics recorded shows a mortality of one in every two and one-half cases, or forty per cent in sever...

The Local Treatment of Diphtheria: As already observed, diphtheria is primarily a local disease. This being the case, its local treatment becomes a matter of the greatest consequence. Indeed, this portion of the treatment should receiv...

Disinfectants for the Local Treatment of Diphtheria: All agents which are destructive to germs when used in a form which will not destroy the living tissues, are useful as local applications; but the best preparations are solutions of chlorine, or of so...

General Treatment of Diphtheria: For subduing the fever no remedy equals water in antiphlogistic effects. In general, the febrile action accompanying diphtheria does not rise so high as in most other febrile diseases; yet this sympto...

Glanders-Farcy: The Symptoms of Glanders-Farcy High fever; chilliness; severe headache; pain in the muscles and Joints; dark colored urine; profuse sweating; discharge from the nose, at first watery, then profuse, v...

Varicella - Chicken-Pox - Wind-Pox: The Symptoms of Varicella - Chicken-Pox - Wind-Pox Eruption; slight fever; restlessness; some itching of the skin. This is a very mild disease. It generally occurs in epidemics, and is believed to b...

Measles: The Symptoms of Measles FIRST STAGE: Chilliness, followed by symptoms of catarrh of the upper air-passages; eyes red and tearful; hoarse and dry cough; pain in the head and limbs; disturbance of dige...

The Treatment of Measles: When an epidemic of measles is prevailing, great care should be taken to prevent exposure to the disease. This cannot always be done, as the popular dread of the disease is not sufficiently great to i...

Scarlatina or Scarlet Fever: The Symptoms of Scarlatina or Scarlet Fever The disease begins with fever, lassitude, and headache; pains in the back; flushed face; coated tongue, nausea, or vomiting; in children, convulsions. On t...

The Treatment of Scarlatina or Scarlet Fever: Undoubtedly the great fatality of this disease is in a large degree attributable to improper treatment or in neglecting to employ efficient measures with sufficient promptness. Mild cases require only...

Rose Rash: This is an eruptive fever which is characterized by a red rash, which differs from the rash of both measles and scarlet fever, although bearing a resemblance to each. The fever runs high and the throa...

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis or Spotted Fever: The Symptoms of Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis or Spotted Fever A violent chill, or chilliness; fever; great weakness; severe headache; vomiting excited by attempting to sit up; stiffness of the neck; hea...

The Treatment of Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis or Spotted Fever: This is sometimes a very fatal malady. The mortality in various epidemics has ranged from 30 to 70 per cent. The disease in some cases continues only a few days; in others it may be prolonged for seve...

Small-Pox: The Symptoms of Small-Pox Chill, or repeated chilliness, followed by fever continuing till eruption appears; intense headache, and pain in the back; vomiting; tongue coated, and no appetite; offensiv...

The Cause of Small-Pox: Small-pox is undoubtedly the result of infection of the system by a specific germ, the origin of which is still wrapped in mystery. Although it is known that the disease has existed for many centuries...

Vaccination of Small-Pox: It was early observed that a person who had once had small-pox was not very liable to suffer from it a second time. Ex periments made in China and India at a very early period showed that when the dis...

The Treatment of Small-Pox: The patient should be kept quiet in bed. Should be given but very little simple, easily digested food. He may be allowed to take cool or cold water, lemonade, etc., at pleasure. The sick-room should b...

Malarial Diseases: Nearly all parts of the temperate and torrid zones are subject to some form of malarial disease. There is probably little doubt in the minds of any great number of intelligent physicians at the presen...

What Is Malaria?: This interesting question has been often asked, and frequently answered, though not in a manner which has been considered satisfactory. Profs. Klebs, of the University of Prague, and Tomassi-Crudeli, ...

Protection from Malaria: In view of the gravity of the disease, it is certainly important that proper measures should be taken to protect the system against injuries from it so far as possible. The best means of accomplishing...

Intermittent Fever - Ague-Chills And Fever: The Symptoms of Intermittent Fever - Ague-Chills And Fever COLD STAGE: Yawning; stretching of the limbs; headache; nausea, and perhaps vomiting; nails blue; goose-flesh; thirst; shivering, or violent...

The Treatment of Intermittent Fever - Ague-Chills And Fever: When possible, the patient should remove to a nonmalarious locality. This is particularly important in severe cases, because one attack docs not insure a person against a second, but rather increases ...

The Treatment of Intermittent Fever - Ague-Chills And Fever. Continued: Treatment During the Paroxysm The dry pack is also the best measure to diminish the severity of the chill during the paroxysm. Care should be taken not to keep the patient heated up too long, as othe...

Ague Cake: What is known as ague cake, consists of an enlargement of the spleen, which is one of the results of chronic malarial poisoning. The spleen is also enlarged in typhoid fever, typhus fever, and various...

Pernicious Intermittent Fever - Congestive Chills: The Symptoms of Pernicious Intermittent Fever - Congestive Chills Chill longer and harder than usual; convulsions; epilepsy; tetanus; symptoms resembling hydrophobia or delirium, followed by stupor e...

Remittent Or Bilious Fever: The Symptoms of Remittent Or Bilious Fever Chill followed by fever and sweating; no complete intermission; all the other symptoms of ague or intermittent fever are present; sometimes jaundice; remitt...

Masked Intermittents: Persons living in malarious countries often suffer from obscure difficulties, the cause of which may be usually mistaken for some other than the real one. In many cases it will be found that the real ...

Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: The anatomy, physiology, and general hygiene of the skin, have been considered in the first part of this work, and hence space need not be devoted to this part of the subject in this connection. Many...

The Causes of Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: The skin is by no means so simple an organ as it appears, being, in fact, composed of several sets of organs closely combined. From its complicated structure, and its location upon the exterior of th...

General Principles of Treatment of Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: The same kind of treatment is not effective for all kinds of skin diseases. The fashionable custom of resorting to mineral springs for the cure of skin diseases, no matter what may be their nature, is...

Various Forms of Eruptions, etc. - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: The following are the principal forms of the several elementary lesions of the skin: Maculae, or Stains, are simply spots of around or irregular form, not elevated above the surface of the skin. They...

Erythema - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: This is a disease of the skin characterized by redness, due to active congestion or inflammation. It may occur as a simple diffused redness, produced by cold, friction from wearing flannel clothes, th...

Urticaria - Nettle - Rash - Hives: This is an eruption characterized by wheels like those caused by nettle stings, each consisting of a white raised spot in the center of a ml patch. This eruption is peculiar for the suddenness with wh...

Heat Rash: This is a form of eruption which often occurs during the intense heat of summer. It may consist of simply a diffused redness of the parts exposed to the direct action of the sun's rays, usually termed...

Erysipelas or St. Anthony's Fire: This an inflammation of the skin. It generally affects the head and face. It is attended by quite a high fever, which usually begins with a chill. The patient is usually weak and prostrated. The skin ...

Chilblains - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: This is an inflammation of the skin, produced by exposure to severe cold. It affects parts which have been partially frozen. The feet are most likely to be affected. The skin is red and somewhat swoll...

Herpes or Cold or Fever Sores: In this disease, the eruption consists of patches of little blisters or vesicles, each of which is surrounded by a little ring of inflamed tissue. The eruption is most always accompanied by some fever...

Eczema - Salt-Rheum - Moist Tetter - Scall: This is one of the most common of all skin diseases. It occurs in a great variety of forms and at all ages, and is said to constitute one-half of all the cases of skin disease. It is not contagious, a...

Psoriasis or Dry Tetter: This disease may affect persons of all ages but is most common in adults. The eruption consists in separate spots or patches of a dull red color covered with an abundance of white, branny scales which...

Acne or Face Pimples: This is a very common affection, especially between the ages of fifteen and thirty years. The seat of the disease is the sebaceous follicles or oil-glands of the skin. The eruption consists in pimples...

The Treatment of Acne or Face Pimples: This disease is often very obstinate. It may only be cured by entire discontinuance of all the causes. The person subject to it must live upon the most simple and unstimulating diet. Articles of food ...

Comedo, Or Grubs - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: When these are present in large numbers, the face appears as though gun powder had been blown into it, or pepper sprinkled over it. It is best to remove them, as, if not removed, nature undertakes the...

Pemphigus or Water Blebs: This eruption consists of water blisters, varying in size from that of a pea to that of an egg, or larger. The Treatment of Pemphigus or Water Blebs This is a very severe disease, and is often fat...

Ecthyma - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: This is a mild form of inflammation of the skin. It is characterized by small pustules surrounded by a ring of hard tissue. The eruption is frequently produced by scratching induced by lice. The erupt...

Pityriasis - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: This disease consists in an excessive shedding of the scarf-skin in the form of branny scales. It may result from local irritation or general malnutrition. It very frequently affects the scalp, being ...

Medicinal Eruptions And Prurigo: Medicinal Eruptions Many medicines occasion eruptions upon the skin. Arsenic produces herpes, hardness of the palms of the hands, eczema, and ugly ulcerations, by contact with the skin. Iodide of pot...

Elephantiasis: There are two varieties of this disease, one known as elephantiasis arabum, the other, elephantiasis Groeorum. The latter disease is that more commonly known as leprosy. The first mentioned disease co...

Oily Skin And Dry Skin: Oily Skin In some persons there is an excessive production of sebacous matter or sebum, due to morbid activity of the fatty glands of the skin. The skin of such persons presents a shiny look. Little ...

Dandruff Or Dandriff: This is a condition in which branny scales are shed from the scalp in great abundance. It may be due to eczema or pityriasis, as already remarked, or may result from a disorder of the sebaceous glands...

Milia And Wins - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: Milia consists of little globular bodies found just beneath the surface of the skin, chiefly upon the face, in the vicinity of the lower eyelid. They consist of sebaceous follicles, the mouths of whic...

Excessive Sweat or Hyperidrosis: This is a condition in which the sweat-glands are excessively active. The palms of the hands and feet are most often affected, sometimes to such an extent as to give to these parts a parboiled appeara...

Offensive Perspiration: This is a condition which is sometimes exceedingly annoying. It is occasioned by the excretion in the sweat of elements of an offensive character. Odors of various kinds are produced. Rheumatic person...

Itching or Pruritis: Itching is due to some form of skin disease when accompanied by an eruption. When not accompanied by eruption it is usually dub to some irritating element in the blood, to parasites, to the wearing of...

Purpura - The Purples - Land Scurvy: The eruption consists of small round spots or blotches in the skin, bright red at first, soon becoming of a darker hue and then fading after a few days, presenting the various colors seen in a fading ...

Freckles or Lentigo: These consist in an increase of the pigment or coloring matter of the skin in small spots. They most often occur in persons who have delicate skins, being greatly increased by exposure to sun and wind...

Liver Spots - Moth Patches - Chloasma: The brownish spots of irregular shape and size often seen upon the face, and popularly known as liver spots, are similar to freckles, but larger in size. They often accompany disease of the liver, a...

Mother's Mark - Mole - Naevus: These are of various kinds: 1. Raised brown spots on the face, or moles; 2. Brown spots producing hair; 3. A tumor composed of enlarged blood-vessels, constituting the true port wine or mother's ma...

Fish Skin Disease or Ichthyosis: In this disease the surface is hard and dry, and is marked off in such a way as to give the appearance of scales. Patient seldom perspires. Skin often cracks. In slight cases, small patches of brown w...

Sclerodema - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: A condition in which portions of the skin are hardened and have a hide-bound appearance. The tissues cannot be taken up between the thumb and finger or wrinkled. Often attacks the nape of the neck. Th...

Keloid - Diseases Of The Skin and Hair: A firm, prominent, pinkish nodule which often appears in a scar from a burn or surgical operation, and sends out processes which contract and pucker the tissues. In a severe case which we met in a cit...

Lupus or Eating Tetter: This disease is characterized by the growth in the skin of tissue similar to that of a healing sore. Its most favorite site is the cheek, near the nose. The affection often appears upon both sides of ...

Callus: This is a thickened condition of the epidermis or scarfskin. It is most likely to occur over joints and the prominent points of bones. It is generally produced by prolonged pressure. Its object is the...

Itch Mite - Scabiei: This disease is by no means so frequent in this country as in some others. It is said to constitute about one-fourth of all the cases of skin disease in Glasgow. The disease, as is now well known, is ...

The Treatment of Itch Mite - Scabiei: The only efficient remedies are such as will kill the parasites. No internal medication is required. The insects may be destroyed in a variety of ways; by smothering, by drowning, or by poisoning. The...

Lice: Pediculosis, or lousiness, may result from the infesting of the body by any one of three varieties of the louse insect, or pediculus. They are known respectively, as the head louse, the body or clothe...

The Treatment of Lice: For head lice, saturate the hair with kerosene oil two or three times a day for two or three days; then wash the head with soap and water. This is not a very agreeable remedy, but is a safe and certai...

Ringworm: This is a parasitic disease, in which a fungus grows upon the skin. The scalp, the beard, the nails, or the general surface of the body may be affected. In Fig. 344 may be seen the appearance of the f...

The Treatment of Ringworm: When the disease occurs upon the general surface of the body, or upon a part not covered with long hair, it may bo readily cured by the application of a solution of carbolic acid made as follows: Carb...

Favus: This is another vegetable parasitic disease of the skin. See Fig. 346. Any portion of the skin may suffer, but the scalp is most likely to be affected. The disease is characterized by the formation of...

Tinea Versicolor: The old name for this affection is pityriasis versicolor. It consists in an eruption of slightly elevated, irregularly shaped, yellowish, or brownish spots, most often found upon the chest. This is al...

Hirsutes or Overgrowth Of The Hair: This morbid condition consists in an abnormal development of the fine, short hairs. It is mast troublesome in ladies, in whom the hair of the upper lip is sometimes sufficiently developed to form a mu...

Baldness: There are two varieties of baldness, the ordinary form, and what is known as patchy baldness, a form in which the hair is lost only in circumscribed spots. The loss of hair usually begins first at t...

The Treatment of Baldness: Prevention is the best remedy/as many cases are in curable. The scalp should never be overheated. Head coverings should be light, and should allow free access of air to the head at all times. The hair...

Gray Hair or Canities: Loss of color of the hair is due to a failure of the papillae to secrete the usual amount of coloring matter. A hair rarely loses its color; hence grayness, or loss of color, begins at the root of the...

Diseases Of The Male Generative Organs - Inflammation Of The Prostate Gland or Prostatitis: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Prostate Gland or Prostatitis Pain and heat in the fork of the thighs, with tenderness on pressure; pain increased by urination, and by moving of the bowels; beari...

Enlargement Of The Prostate: The Symptoms of Enlargement Of The Prostate Hard lump to be felt in the fork of the thighs, or rectum, at the base of the bladder, which is sensitive to pressure; slow, difficult, and painful urinati...

Balanitis - Diseases Of The Male Generative Organs: The Symptoms of Balanitis Heat and itching at the end of the penis; a creamy discharge; red and raw patches on the surface of the mucous membrane. The Causes of Balanitis The principal cause of t...

Catarrh Of The Urethra or Urethritis: The Symptoms of Catarrh Of The Urethra or Urethritis Swelling and redness at the external end of the urethra; burning along the urethral canal, especially during urination; slight mucous discharge be...

Priapism: The Symptoms of Priapism Constant and often painful erection. This condition is almost the invariable result of sexual excess of some sort; it frequently results from masturbation, the direct cause ...

Inflammation Of The Testicle: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Testicle Pain and sensation of weight in the testicle; pain extending up the cord; uneasiness in the lower part of the back and the groin; swelling of the testicle...

Nocturnal Emissions - Seminal Losses - Exhausted Vitality: Seminal emissions occurring during sleep, usually accompanied by erotic dreams, are known as nocturnal or night pollutions, losses, or emissions. In addition to its characteristic feature, the disease...

Nocturnal Emissions - Seminal Losses - Exhausted Vitality. Continued: Treatment of Self-Abuse The method adopted must differ according to the age of the individual patient. In children, especially those who have recently acquired the habit, it can be broken up by admon...

Spermatorrhoea: This is really an advanced stage of the preceding disease in which seminal losses occur without the knowledge of the patient, as when straining at stool, or by passing off in the urine. It is almost i...

Impotence: Impotence, or a lack of sexual power, may be due to a great variety of causes, among the chief of which are sexual excess, particularly selfabuse, mental influences, the use of liquor, opium, and part...

Sterility: This condition may arise from a great variety of causes, among which may be mentioned various diseases, as diabetes, Brights disease, dyspepsia, consumption, as well as disease of the testicles, inclu...

Neuralgia Of The Testicle: Under this head are included two conditions, in one of which there is unnatural sensitiveness to touch or pressure, and the other in which there is constant pain of a neuralgic character, sometimes ve...

Syphilis - Pox: Of the three forms of venereal disease, this is of vastly greater consequence than either of the other two, gonorrhoea and chancroid, since this is a constitutional affection, while they are purely lo...

Chancroid: This is a painful ulcer or sore, which secretes a contagious matter, usually appearing upon the genitals within a few days after exposure. If not properly treated, these sores often last several month...

Diseases Of Women: A remarkable increase in the number and frequency of that large class of maladies known as diseases peculiar to women, has attracted the attention of many observing physicians. The fact has received m...

Inflammation Of The Ovary: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Ovary Sudden pain in one or both groins, sometimes extending down the leg and the feet; often pain in the breast and the affected side; increase of pain during men...

Congestion Of The Ovary - Ovarian Irritation: The Symptoms of Congestion Of The Ovary - Ovarian Irritation Tenderness in the groin; pain in standing or walking; more or les* continuous pain, aggravated at the menstrual period, which is generally...

Ovarian Dropsy: The Symptoms of Ovarian Dropsy Begins with dull pain low down on one side of the body; scanty menstruation, and finally suppression; dragging pain in the bowels; painful and frequent urination; diffi...

Inflammation About The Uterus: The Symptoms of Inflammation About The Uterus fever; pelvic pain; small, wiry pulse; nausea and vomiting; tenderness on pressure just above the pubic bone; painful urination and defecation; profuse m...

Amenorrhoea: Amenorrhoea is a condition in which the regular monthly flow is suspended. It is not a disease of itself, being simply a symptom of some disorder of the uterine organs. The conditions from which it ma...

The Treatment of Amenorrhoea: In cases in which the function has never appeared, the difficulty is generally due to morbid development, or some form of obstruction. For the first condition, such measures should be adopted as will ...

Scanty Menstruation: The length and quantity of the menstrual flow varies very greatly m different individuals within the limits of life. A person suffers with scanty menstruation when the function is meagre compared with...

Menorrhagia or Profuse Menstruation: The same remarks made respecting the preceding condition apply to this. There is no definite standard as to the length or quantity of the menstrual flow. When the flow is much more than usual, or so e...

The Treatment of Menorrhagia or Profuse Menstruation: In cases of menorrhagia arising from plethora, the diet should be simple and plain. The patient should take but two meals a day, and little or no meat. Abundant out-of-door exercise is also essential;...

Uterine Hemorrhage: This is a hemorrhage occurring from the uterus at other times than at the menstrual period. The causes are essentially the same as those described as occasioning menorrhagia. The Treatment of Uteri...

Dysmenorrhoea or Painful Menstruation: There are said to be five varieties of this affection, which are termed respectively neuralgic, congestive, obstructive, membranous, and ovarian. Neuralgic dysmenorrhoea is caused by general neuralgia...

The Treatment of Dysmenorrhoea or Painful Menstruation: Dysmenorrhoea can generally be cured by the adoption of proper means, provided the real cause is ascertained; though when due to fibrous tumors of the uterus, the treatment often fails. The most that ...

Nymphomania: This term is applied to a condition in which there is an intense degree of sexual excitement. A female suffering with this affection will sometimes commit the grossest breaches of chastity. Its princi...

Sterility In Women: This condition differs from impotence in that the patient is not incapable of the sexual act, but remains childless. The Causes of Sterility In Women The most common causes are displacements of th...

Uterine Catarrh or Endometritis: The Symptoms of Uterine Catarrh or Endometritis GENERAL: General debility; pulse weak; countenance pale and sallow; digestion slow; bowels very inactive; eyes dull, surrounded by a dark circle; nervo...

The Treatment of Uterine Catarrh or Endometritis: All exciting causes, so far as possible, should be removed. If the patient has been in the habit of wearing the clothing tight about the waist and suspended from the hips, and has neglected to clothe ...

Inflammation Of The Womb or Metritis: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Womb or Metritis GENERAL: Similar to those of chronic catarrh of the womb, but much more intense; the patient has many feelings similar to those of early pregnancy...

The Treatment of Inflammation Of The Womb or Metritis: The treatment for chronic congestion and enlargement of the uterus is essentially the same as that recommended for chronic uterine catarrh, the details of which need not be repeated here. The sitz bat...

Granular Inflammation Of The Lips Of The Womb: The Symptoms of Granular Inflammation Of The Lips Of The Womb Profuse leucorrhoeal discharge: general debility: aching around the lower part of the body, which is increased by walking or standing; sy...

Stricture Of The Uterine Canal: The Symptoms of Stricture Of The Uterine Canal The patient suffers very painful menstruation and pain, beginning one or two days before the menstrual flow begins, being of a bearing down character....

Tumors Of The Womb: The womb is subject to various morbid growths, the symptoms of which are very similar to those of chronic congestion. In many cases a person suffering with uterine tumors knows nothing of the real nat...

Displacements Of The Womb: The general symptoms of displacement of the womb, are often the same as those already described as characteristic of chronic congestion of the organ, which is one of the most common causes of displace...

Retroversion: This condition is that in which the uterus is tipped backward against the rectum. The organ may be tipped directly back, or inclined more or less to either side. The principal symptoms are constant pa...

Prolapsus Of The Womb: The Symptoms of Prolapsus Of The Womb Dragging pain in the tower part of the back, extending around the body; general tenderness over the pubes; sensation of fullness in the vagina; irritation of the...

The Treatment of Prolapsus Of The Womb: The usual treatment for prolapsus consists almost exclusively in the application of supporters of various kinds. The amount of ingenuity which has been displayed in the construction of devices of vari...

Flexions - Diseases Of Women: From various causes, the womb may become folded upon itself. When this occurs anteriorly, it is termed anteflexion. When the organ is folded backward against the rectum, the condition is termed retrof...

Leucorrhoea - Whites: This is a symptom of disease rather than an independent malady. It is indicative of quite a variety of conditions. The discharge to which the term whites or female weakness is familiarly applied, ...

Inflammation Of The Vagina - Vaginitis: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Vagina - Vaginitis Hot and burning pain in the vagina; aching pain in the perinoeum: frequent urination; profuse and purulent leucorrhoea; soreness of the externa!...

Vaginismus: The Symptoms of Vaginismus Pain on walking; severe spasmodic pain on touching the affected part. This is often a very severe affection, being the occasion not only of great inconvenience, but of int...

Cystocele: This is a condition in which the anterior wall of the vagina, together with the bladder, falls downward in such a way as to produce a bulging. In some cases the parts protrude. The most common cause o...

Rectocele: This is a condition similar to the preceding, occurring in the posterior wall of the vagina. On account of rupture of the perinaeum, the natural supports of the uterus are removed, and this organ sett...

Itching Of The Genitals - Pruritus: This is a most annoying affection which sometimes renders the life of a person suffering from it almost intolerable. It may be caused by irritating discharges from the uterus or vagina, or it may be d...

Imperforate Hymen: This is a condition in which the vaginal orifice is closed by an excessive development of the hymen. When complete, it causes a retention of the menses. Although the patient has all the other symptoms...

Inflammation Of The Breast - Mastitis: The Symptoms of Inflammation Of The Breast - Mastitis Deep, throbbing, burning pain; restlessness; fever; hard and tender swelling of the breast. The most frequent cause of inflammation of the breas...

Galactorrhoea: This is a peculiar condition of the breast in which a continuous flow at milk occurs either between the intervals of nursing, or after the infant has been weaned. It is chiefly due to a relaxed condit...

Overgrowth And Atrophy Of The Breast: Overgrowth Of The Breast This condition may be due to an over-accumulation of fat or to an actual overgrowth of the gland itself. The causes of the first condition, are obesity, and masturbation and ...

Cracked Nipple: This affection frequently occasions a great amount of inconvenience to a nursing mother. Slight fissures which at first appear on the nipple develop into serious excoriations which may become so exten...

Cancer Of The Breast: The Symptoms of Cancer Of The Breast Throbbing, darting pains, and a sense of weight in the breast; sometimes little or no pain; a hard swelling in the substance of the breast which is first movable,...

Fibrous Tumor Of The Breast: Hard, painless lumps, of the size of a filbert, are often found in the breast, sometimes several being present in the same individual. These are simply fibrous tumors, and need not give rise to any ap...

Irritable Breast: The breast is sometimes the seat of severe neuralgic pain. In other cases, the pain is located in the intercostal nerves, just beneath the breast, particularly upon the left side. We have occasionally...

Rupture Of The Neck Of The Womb: These accidents are the result of childbirth, in consequence of unnatural rigidity, excessive size of the head of the infant, malposition, the use of instruments, precipitate labor, and perhaps from o...

The Treatment of Rupture Of The Neck Of The Womb: The proper remedy for this accident is the restoration of the torn parts to their natural condition as nearly as possible. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to carefully remove all of the p...

Laceration Of The Perinaeum: Judging from the large number of cases of this sort which have come to our notice, laceration of the perinaeum is an accident which probably occurs fully as frequently as the form of laceration just d...

The Treatment of Laceration Of The Perinaeum: The proper treatment for this accident, as well as the preceding, is a surgical operation, whenever the laceration is more than very slight. When the laceration is discovered, the operation should be ...

Change of Life or Menopause: The change of life, or menopause, the cessation of the function of menstruation, usually occurs between the ages of forty and fifty. It sometimes occurs a little later, and sometimes as early as betwe...

The Obstetrics or Midwifry: We shall not attempt to enter into the technicalities of this subject, as this is forbidden both by the object of this work and the space which can be properly devoted to it. We wish especially to emp...

Signs Of Pregnancy: The first indication of pregnancy likely to attract attention is the cessation of menstruation. When this occurs, without other sufficient cause, as taking cold at the menstrual period, or as the resu...

Hygiene Of Pregnancy - Parturition without Pain: According to the Bible, the pains of childbirth constitute a part of the curse pronounced upon woman in consequence of the transgression of mother Eve in Eden. We are thoroughly convinced, however, th...

Exercise - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: Moderate and regular excerise should be taken during the whole period of pregnancy, even to the last. The habit many women have of sitting or lying most of the time for several months is a very injuri...

Diet - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: The food should be nourishing, but simple and unstimulating. Tea, coffee, beer, ale, porter, and stimulants of all kinds, should be avoided. Little if any meat should be taken. Inflammation or degener...

Dress - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: The dress should be suitable to the season, the body being clad in such a manner as to secure thorough and equable protection. It should not constrict the body of the wearer in any part, particularly ...

Bathing - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: General baths should be taken as often as necessary for cleanliness, as from one to three times a week. Sitz baths are especially advantageous. They should be taken all through the period of gestation...

Care of the Breasts - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: Attention should be given to the breasts during the period of pregnancy, as by this means much trouble and inconvenience may be avoided after childbirth. They should be carefully protected from the pr...

Mental Conditions - Hygiene Of Pregnancy: The mind should be kept in a cheerful frame by kind and cheerful surroundings which will be conducive to evenness of temper. Although a woman in this condition is often in a very unnatural mental stat...

Labor Or Childbirth: The duration of pregnancy is generally from 278 to 300 days. At the end of this period, labor or parturition occurs, the process by which the new human being is brought into the world. This process so...

The Stages of Child Labor: The labor is divided into three stages. 1. Dilation of the mouth of the womb. This is indicated by cutting pains felt mostly in the back, contractions taking place in the womb only, and gradually gro...

The Management of Child Labor: In the first place, the services of a competent attendant should be secured. The attendant should, if possible, be a thoroughly trained physician. This is a field in which woman as a physician can fil...

Washing and Dressing the Child: If the birth is a premature one, having occurred before the infant was fully developed, the child will be smaller than usual and less well developed; its movements will be slight and feeble, and its c...

Using A Binder After Childbirth: After the child has been born and its immediate wants attended to, the binder or abdominal bandage should be applied to the mother. The binder consists of a double thickness of strong muslin cloth or ...

Milk Fever: This is a term applied to the feverishness which is sometimes present on the third day after confinement. The fever may be introduced by a slight chilliness. The patient has thirst, headache, and freq...

Care of the Breasts After Childbirth: If the breasts have been properly cared for during pregnancy, little inconvenience will be experienced after childbirth. Care should be taken to wash the nipples carefully with cold water both before ...

How To Check the Secretion of Milk: In some cases it becomes desirable that the secretion of milk should be checked. This is especially important in cases of still-birth. The most effective measure for checking the secretion of milk is ...

How To Promote the Secretion of Milk: This must be accomplished chiefly by regulation of the diet and attention to the general health, especially to the improvement of the digestion. The patient should make free use of liquid food, partic...

When To Get Up After Chidlbirth: No definite time can be set at which it would be safe for every woman to get up. Some are as able to be up in three or four days, as others at the end of two weeks. The traditional nine days for ly...

Hemorrhage after Labor: Sometimes the womb does not contract so firmly as it should after childbirth, in consequence of which its greatly dilated blood-vessels remain open, and frightful hemorrhage is the result. This is als...

Retention of the After-Birth: The condition referred to in the preceding paragraph sometimes occurs in consequence of failure of the uterus to contract properly after the child has been born, or in consequence of an unusually firm...

Inactivity of the Womb: When labor is delayed in any of its stages in consequence of failure of the uterus to contract with suffi cient vigor, it is necessary to adopt means for the purpose of stimulating the contractions. A...

Rigidity of the Womb: In some cases labor is delayed by a failure of the neck or mouth of the womb to dilate with sufficient rapidity. This is sometimes due to an early rupture of the membranes, in consequence of which the...

Rigidity of the Periuiaeum During Childbirth: In this condition, the perinaeum, or portion of the tissue between the vagina and rectum, does not dilate as it should, but the central portion bulges forward while the upper edge remains hard and uny...

The Use of Anaesthetics During Childbirth: The employment of anaesthetics in childbirth is a practice of very recent date. When it was first introduced, many fears were expressed that harm would result to either mother or child, or both. Some ...

Disorders Of Pregnancy: Piles or Hemorrhoids This troublesome difficulty is a very frequent accompaniment of pregnancy. It is generally the result of constipation of the bowels. When this is the case, the bowels should be k...

Constipation - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Can generally be relieved by regulating the diet, which should consist chiefly of fruits and grains. Drinking a glass of cold water before breakfast is an excellent means of securing a regular evacuat...

Morning Sickness - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Nausea and vomiting in the morning soon after getting up, is one of the early symptoms of pregnancy, and is also characteristic of its later stages. The best method of treatment is to give the patient...

Disorders of the Bladder and Womb - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Various disorders of the bladder and urine are frequent during the pregnant state. Irritability of the bladder, or painful micturition, incontinence of urine, retention of urine, are the most common t...

Vaginal Discharges - Disorders Of Pregnancy: The discharges which take place from the vagina during pregnancy are quite various. The most common is a profuse mucous discharge, or leucorrhoea, the best remedy for which is the daily use of vaginal...

Varicose or Enlarged Veins - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Varicose veins of the lower extremities are of very frequent occurrence in pregnancy, being produced by the pressure of the enlarged womb upon the veins which return the Wood from the lower extremitie...

Dropsical Swelling of the Feet and Limbs - Disorders Of Pregnancy: General dropsy, indicated by swelling of the limbs so that pitting is produced by pressure with the finger, and puffiness of the face, is a very serious complication of pregnancy, indicating inflammat...

Difficult Respiration - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Shortness of breath or difficulty of breathing, are frequently among the most prominent inconveniences of the latter stages of the pregnant state. Patients subject to asthema, and suffering with organ...

Miscarriage and Abortion - Disorders Of Pregnancy: These terms are applied to cases in which the fetus is discharged before the seventh month. Miscarriage occurs most frequently in fleshy persons and those who are subject to menorrhagia, or profuse me...

Molar or False Pregnancy - Disorders Of Pregnancy: Two forms of false pregnancy occur. In one of these, after the usual symptoms of abortion, and with considerable pain and hemorrhage, a fleshy body of varying size is expelled, which may be shown by a...

Puerperal Convulsions - Disorders Of Pregnancy: This is a very serious disease which may occur during pregnancy, or during or after labor. It generally occurs in patients who have suffered with disease of the kidneys during labor, as shown by swell...

Puerperal Fever - Disorders Of Pregnancy: This disease is responsible for a large number of deaths following confinement, and a great multitude of chronic, diseased conditions, by which women who have suffered from it are crippled and maimed,...

The Feeding And Care Of Infants: The fact that fully one-third of the human family perish before the age of five years is sufficient apology for devoting a brief section to the consideration of this subject. Notwithstanding the immen...

Infant Diet - The Feeding And Care Of Infants: Carefully collected statistics show beyond room for reasonable doubt that the most active cause of infantile disease is improper feeding. This cause is particularly active during the warm season of th...

Cautions About Infant Feeding - The Feeding And Care Of Infants: 1. Too frequent feeding is a very common practice, and is one of the most active causes of colic and various other forms of indigestion in children. Many mothers wonder why the children do not grow fl...

Weaning A Child - The Feeding And Care Of Infants: Under this head it is important to call attention to the following points: 1. The proper time for weaning a healthy infant is at about one year of age. Very weakly children sometimes require longer n...

General Care Of Infants - The Bowels and Bladder: The first movement of the bowels of a newly born child is of a green color. After this, the discharges should be uniformly of a bright yellow color. If the bowels have a slight tendency to constipatio...

Clothing - General Care Of Infants: The legs, arms, and neck, as well as the trunk, should be thoroughly clad with a soft flannel gown, in addition to which a woolen bandage should be placed about the trunk. Care should be taken in plac...

Bathing - General Care Of Infants: The daily bath is of great advantage to children, and soon comes to be much enjoyed by them. As a general rule, there is no danger that the child will be weakened in the slightest degree by taking a t...

Sleeping - General Care Of Infants: A healthy child, during the first few weeks of its life, sleeps nearly five-sixths of the time. The infant should be taught to go quietly to sleep while lying in its crib, without rocking, petting, or...

Exercise - General Care Of Infants: Although it is unnecessary that infants should be constantly carried about, and is injurious to them as well, it is important that young children should be taken up several times a day and carried abo...

Teething - General Care Of Infants: During this troublesome period children require special care, as the digestive organs are more liable to become disordered than at any other time. The child is often fretful and restless; and if it es...

Diseases Of Children: A large share of the diseases to which infants and young children are subject, arise from the ignorance of mothers and nurses respecting the hygiene of infancy, or how to feed, clothe, and care for hu...

Symptoms To Check In Diseases Of Children: The following facts respecting the deviations from the condition of health as seen in children, will be of great value in enabling the mother or nurse to detect the early evidences of disease, and so ...

Symptoms To Check In Diseases Of Children. Part 2: The Cry In pneumonia, or capillary bronchitis, the child's cry is labored and half suffocated, sounding as though coming from an adjacent room. In croup, it is hoarse, with crowing respiration. In di...

Symptoms To Check In Diseases Of Children. Part 3: The Bowels The bowel passages of the infant should bo yellow in color, and at least three or four a day. The appearance of curds in the bowels indicates imperfect digestion, and if the difficulty is ...

Convulsions - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Convulsions Spasmodic twitching of the muscles; unconsciousness: other symptoms too familiar to require description. This is a very common disease in infancy. It is very likely to oc...

Infantile Trismus - Nine-Day Fits - Diseases Of Children: The symptoms of this affection are similar to those of tetanus in adults. The mother notices that the child cries when it is placed to the breast, and is unable to nurse. The jaws are found to be fixe...

Tetanie - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Tetanie Thumbs drawn into the palms with fingers flexed over them; hands bent at wrist: toes contracted; feet extended: arms and legs rigid: muscles of the jaws and back not affected;...

Night Terrors - Nightmare - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Night Terrors - Nightmare Child wakes suddenly, screams, does not recognize its mother; sees very small animals, and is much agitated; sometimes has pleasing hallucinations; an abunda...

Acute Hydrocephalus - Tubercular Meningitis - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Acute Hydrocephalus - Tubercular Meningitis FIRST STAGE: Irritability of disposition; headache, shown by the child often putting hand to head; drowsiness; after the child is old enoug...

Chronic Hydrocephalus - Water On The Brain - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Chronic Hydrocephalus - Water On The Brain Great enlargement of the cranium, face and lower part of the head remaining of natural size: cry harsh; rolling of eyes; squinting; legs dou...

False Dropsy Of The Brain - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of False Dropsy Of The Brain Child restless, peevish, feverish; sighing, moaning, screaming during sleep; a sharp cry upon being touched; bowels loose, discharges green and offensive; hu...

Paralysis Of The Soft Palate - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Paralysis Of The Soft Palate Nasal tone of voice; liquids enter the nose on attempting to swallow. This affection occurs most frequently after severe cases of diphtheria, coming on g...

Infantile Paralysis - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Infantile Paralysis Sudden paralysis of the muscles of one or more limbs, or of a single group of muscles; subsequent wasting of the affected muscles. This disease is a form of infla...

Spina-Bifida - Cleft Spine - Diseases Of Children: This is a singular congenital defect in development, in which the spinal canal is not completely closed. It generally occurs in the lower part of the spine. In consequence of the defect referred to, t...

Consumptive Constitution - Diseases Of Children: It is important to be able to detect the peculiarities which characterize a child with marked consumptive tendencies, so as to take such measures as may, possibly, ward off the disease. Sir William Je...

Rickets - Rachitis - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Rickets - Rachitis At first, profuse perspiration, especially of the head; feverishness at night, with disposition to kick off the clothes; tenderness of the whole surface of the body...

Pain In The Bowels - Diseases Of Children: Pain in the bowels in young infants is indicated by moaning cries, pallor, peculiar drawing of the corners of the mouth, twitching of the face during sleep, sometimes supposed to be due to angel whis...

Vomiting - Diseases Of Children: Vomiting in infants is usually the result of overeating, or of eating too fast. It is frequently occasioned by sickness which results from rocking in the cradle or tossing in the arms, both bad practi...

Infantile Dyspepsia - Diseases Of Children: The Symptoms of Infantile Dyspepsia Vomiting; constipation; diarrhea; green or clay-colored stools, bowel discharges sour or fetid; appearance of curds in the bowel discharges; loss of flesh; irrita...

The Treatment of Infantile Dyspepsia: The child should be fed at regular intervals, the length of which should be determined by its age. It should be fed a proper quantity, and at proper times. The habit of feeding children as frequently ...

Worms - Diseases Of Children: Many children are rendered dyspeptic, and not infrequently made very ill, by constant treatment for worms. In the great majority of cases the symptoms which are supposed to be those of worms are reall...

Skin Eruptions - Diseases Of Children: Slight eruptions of the skin are very common in children. A form of eruption known as strophulus which appears in two forms, red and white gum, is most peculiar to small children. This eruption affect...

Accidents And Emergencies - Sudden Illness: In many cases of sudden illness, it is often of vital importance to know just what should be done at once, as prompt measures will often prevent serious consequences which otherwise might follow. C...

Fainting - Sudden Illness: Fainting, or syncope, is due to sudden failure of the heart's action. At the moment a person faints, the heart nearly or quite ceases to beat, so that a sufficient amount of blood is not sent to the b...

Sudden Mania - Sudden Illness: Although violent mental derangement is generally preceded by symptoms of a premonitory character, it sometimes occurs very suddenly, making it necessary to take prompt measures. Mania may occur in con...

Shock - Sudden Illness: This term is applied to the condition which usually follows severe injury of any sort. It. also frequently follows severe surgical operations. The patient generally becomes cold and complains of faint...

Hemorrhage - Accidents And Emergencies: The principal means to be employed for arresting hemorrhage are, pressure, ice or cold water, hot water, and the ligature. The means to be employed differ somewhat according to the part in which the h...

Hemorrhage - Accidents And Emergencies. Continued: Hemorrhage from the Palm of the Hand Hemorrhage from the Palm of the Hand, is sometimes very troublesome. It can generally be relieved by pressure. If the bleeding is not checked by elevation of the ...

Wounds - Accidents And Emergencies: Wounds are generally divided into the following classes: Incised wounds, or cuts usually made with cutting instruments or with glass; lacerated, or torn wounds; contused, or bruised wounds; punctured,...

Punctured Wounds: Punctured wounds, when inflicted with a clean, sharp instrument, generally heal quite readily. When the wound is made by rough, blunt, dirty, or rusty instruments, healing occurs much more slowly, vio...

Torn and Contused Wounds: These wounds heal much more slowly, as a general rule, than either incised or punctured wounds, never uniting by what is termed dry or primary union, in which no pus is formed, the parts adhering toge...

Dissection Wounds: The tissues and fluids of animals become very poisonous after decomposition has begun, and are sometimes extremely poisonous in character independent of decomposition, on account of disease-as in the ...

Bites Of Animals - Wounds: Dogs, cats, horses, hogs, rats, squirrels, and polecats, frequently inflict bites upon human beings. When these animals are not suffering from rabies these bites generally heal quite readily, though m...

Hydrophobia - Rabies: The symptoms of this disease are itching, burning, smarting, numbness of the part bitten, slight shivering, restlessness, no appetite for food, headache, frightful dreams, distress occasioned by the s...

The Treatment of Hydrophobia - Rabies: Owing to the almost hopeless character of this affection, prevention of the disease is of the utmost importance. This can only be effected by the enforcement of stringent laws against keeping all dogs...

Snake Bites - Accidents And Emergencies: Fortunately venomous snakes are much less common in this country than in many others, especially the tropical portions of the globe. The most common of the poisonous snakes which are found in this cou...

The Treatment of Snake Bites: When a person has been bitten by a rattlesnake or any other venomous serpent, the following measures should be adopted. 1. Place around the limb, a short distance above the wound, a cord, tying it as...

Bites and Stings of Insects: The principal insects which are capable of inflicting painful or poisonous bites or stings are fleas, bed-bugs, bees, wasps, mosquitoes, the midge or buffalo fly, the jigger, ticks, spiders, the scorp...

Bruises - Accidents And Emergencies: For severe contusions in consequence of a blow received on any of the soft parts of the body, apply at once fomentations as hot as can be borne. The hemorrhage beneath the skin which frequently occurs...

Strains - Accidents And Emergencies: In consequence of severe exertion, some of the fibres of a muscle or of its tendon may be ruptured. This is what is termed a strain. Hot fomentations should be applied, and the injured part kept at re...

Sprains - Accidents And Emergencies: A sprain consists of a laceration or rupture of the ligaments surrounding and supporting the joints, in consequence of unnatural strain brought to bear upon them. To relieve the pain, apply fomentatio...

Burns And Scalds - Accidents And Emergencies: If possible, immediately immerse the injured part in water at about the temperature of the body. Very extensive bums in which considerable portions of the skin are destroyed, are best treated by the c...

Fractures - Accidents And Emergencies: Fractures of bones are very common in connection with other accidents. Old people are especially liable to injuries of this kind on account of the increased proportion of earthy matter in the bones in...

The Healing of Fractures: The bones heal very slowly compared with most other tissues. The process of repair consists in the throwing out of a sort of cement about the ends of the fragments of the injured bones, which forms wh...

The General Treatment of Fractures: The limb should be restored at once as nearly as possible to a proper condition, and hot fomentations should be applied to relieve and prevent soreness and inflammation. As soon as possible, a surgeon...

Bandages - The General Treatment of Fractures: Bandages are made of cotton, cotton flannel, ordinary drilling, or of very thin, loose muslin, according to the purpose for which they are to bo used. In the application of bandages to fractured limbs...

Splints - The General Treatment of Fractures: These are supports of various kinds used in the treatment of fractures. They are composed of various materials, and are of different forms, according to the parts to which they are to be applied. The ...

Pyaemia and Septaemia - The General Treatment of Fractures: These are conditions of the system in which there is general poisoning from the absorption of pus or germs. They often occur in cases of compound fracture, the ends of the broken bones wish their nume...

Types Of Fractures: Fractures of the Skull In fractures of the bones of the skull, some of the fragments are very likely to become depressed upon the brain, occasioning loss of consciousness, or other disturbances of th...

Fracture of the Collar Bone - Types Of Fractures: This is the most frequent of all fractures. It occurs most often in children. It is indicated by pain, dropping of the shoulder, swelling over the broken bone, irregularity, and a grating sensation wh...

Fracture of the Ribs - Types Of Fractures: In cases of injury to the chest, it is often found very difficult to determine whether or net the ribs are broken. When fracture has occurred, there is generally sharp pain at a definite point, which ...

Fractures of the Humerus or Arm Bone - Types Of Fractures: A fracture of this kind may occur near the shoulder, the elbow, or midway between these points. When the fragments are impacted - that is, crowded together by the force of the blow, the arm should be...

Fractures of the Fore-Arm - Types Of Fractures: Either one or both bones of the fore-arm may be broken, but the treatment remains the same as in other cases. The splints required for this fracture should be of sufficient length to reach over to the...

Fracture of the Bones of the Hand - Types Of Fractures: Fractures of this kind may occur from a blow upon the back of the hand or striking some hard object with the knuckles. In treating it, the ends of the fragments should be placed in position, and a bal...

Fracture of the Thigh - Types Of Fractures: Fractures of the thigh may occur at the neck of the femur, its most constricted portion, or in some portion of the shaft. Fracture of the neck is most likely to occur in old people. It has been produc...

Fracture of the Knee Cap - Types Of Fractures: The patella, or knee-cap, may be broken transversely or vertically. In some cases it is shattered by a severe fall or blow. This fracture is generally occasioned by violent jumping, or a sudden moveme...

Fracture of the Leg - Types Of Fractures: Either one or both bones of the leg may be fractured. The tibia, or inner bone of the leg, which forms the shin, although much stronger and larger than the outer bone, is most frequently broken on acc...

Fractures of the Bones of the Foot - Types Of Fractures: The bones of the heel and the ankle are the most likely to be broken. Fractures of the bones of the foot are sometimes very difficult to recognize. Stiffness of the ankle joint, with a limping gait, a...

Dislocations: Dislocations are often very easily confounded with fractures; in fact, the two injuries are often inflicted at the same time. The chief distinguishing features of dislocations are, unnatural position ...

Dislocation of the Jaw: Dislocation is usually recognized by the chin being thrown to the opposite side if the displacement occurs but on one side, and in wide gaping of the mouth when the dislocation occurs upon both sides ...

Dislocation of the Shoulder: The most common of all dislocacations is displacement of the upper end of the arm-bone into the axilla. This may generally be recognized by measuring the shoulder by means of a tape passed under the a...

Dislocations of the Elbow: When the elbow is dislocated backward, the most common form, the point of the elbow will be found projecting much more than naturally, and it will be impossible to bend the arm more than to a right an...

Dislocation of the Thumb and Fingers: Dislocation of the thumb is readily recognized. Fig. 378. Dislocations of the fingers are equally evident. These displacements can be readily reduced, by pulling upon the thumb or fingers. If success ...

Dislocation of the Hip: The simplest plan of treating dislocation of the hip is that known as the automatic method. The patient lies upon the floor on his back. The operator raises the injured limb to a right angle, and plac...

Dislocation of the Knee Joint: This form of dislocation is very infrequent, owing to the thorough manner in which the knee-joint is supported by ligaments. The dislocation is very easily reduced. Long-continued treatment is general...

Dislocation of the Bones of the Foot: Backward dislocations at the ankle joint are generally irreducible, on account of the great strength of the heel cord, or tendo Achillis. This cord has been sometimes divided; but this should rarely, ...

Miscellaneous Accidents: Lightning Strike Suspended respiration inconsequence of lightning-strike, also calls for the application of artificial respiration. Any one of the methods above described may be employed. Burns, frac...

Treatment of the Drowned - Miscellaneous Accidents: In the treatment of persons in whom life seems to be extinct in consequence of drowning, the two most essential measures are, the restoration of breathing and of heat. Life cannot be long sustained wi...

Freezing - Miscellaneous Accidents: Parts which have been frozen should not be thawed too quickly, as more harm will be done by the rapid thawing than by the freezing. If a person has been exposed to the cold so long that considerable p...

Swallowing Foreign Bodies - Miscellaneous Accidents: Small coins, buttons, and other round objects, generally create no very great disturbance if they reach the stomach, as they usually do. Much unnecessary alarm is often felt when articles of this kind...

Choking - Miscellaneous Accidents: Sometimes portions of food, or foreign bodies of various sorts, become lodged in the throat in such a way as to produce interference with respiration by choking. The head should be held low, and an ef...

Dirt in the Eye - Miscellaneous Accidents: Dirt on the eye would be a more proper expression, as foreign bodies lodged upon the surface of the eyeball, or beneath the lids, are not really in the eye, but upon it. Although they sometimes cause ...

Foreign Bodies in the Ear - Miscellaneous Accidents: Small objects, and sometimes insects, are frequently gotten into the ear. In some instances flies have been known to deposit their eggs in the ear, which in due time were hatched into a numerous proge...

Foreign Bodies in the Nose - Miscellaneous Accidents: Foreign bodies introduced into the nose, if not crowded too far up by injudicious attempts at removal, may generally be quite readily removed by forcibly blowing the nose, the mouth and the unobstruct...

Accidental Poisoning: The human race is exposed to danger from poisoning on every hand. These enemies to life are not only produced in the various arts in which man is engaged, but are produced in profusion by nature under...

General Treatment for Poisoning: Whatever treatment is employed should be applied with the utmost promptness and thoroughness, As a general rule, the first thing to be thought of is an emetic. A teaspoonful of ground mustard, or an e...

Specific Methods of Treatment in Cases of Poisoning: Nearly all cases of poisoning may be successfully treated by means of some one of the the following methods, the particular application of which is pointed out in the alphabetical list of poisons whic...

Surgery - Abscess: Suppuration, or the formation of pus, is one of the results of inflammation. Pus, or matter, is generally supposed to be composed of foul elements from the blood; but it has been shown by careful micr...

The Treatment of Abscess: There is a natural tendency in pus to work toward the surface. The general system is usually protected from the absorption of pus by a wise provision of nature in surrounding the pur ulent matter wit...

Boils - Furuncles - Surgery: A boil originates in the death of a small portion of the skin, which generally involves a sweat, or sebaceous, gland. Inflammation is the natural process by which the portion of dead tissue is separat...

Carbuncles - Surgery: The carbuncle is a sort of compound boil, the several centers of suppuration being joined together. Carbuncles differ from boils, however, in the fact that they have a marked tendency to spread, and g...

Bed-Sores - Surgery: These are generally produced by pressure from lying too long in one position. The best treatment is the employment of preventive measures, which consist in perfect cleanliness of the parts and daily ...

Ulcers - Surgery: An ulcer is a wounded or raw surface which shows no tendency to heal. It generally starts from inflammation. An irritable ulcer is one which is red, sensitive, protrudes, and bleeds freely. The little...

Synovitis - Surgery: This affection consists in an inflammation of the synovial or lining membrane of a joint. It is indicated by enlargement of the affected joint. The disease may occur in either the acute or the chronic...

Gangrene - Surgery: Gangrene, or death of the tissues, is frequently a very formidable condition, and one which requires prompt and efficient treatment. The danger is not only from extension of the disease, but from abso...

Varicose Veins - Surgery: As elsewhere explained, a varicose condition of the veins is one in which they are enlarged and tortuous. The lower extremities are most often affected. The Treatment of Varicose Veins - Surgery T...

Aneurism - Surgery: This disease consists of the dilatation of a blood-vessel. It may affect arteries in any part of the body. It very frequently occurs in arteries in the interior of the body, in which case little can b...

Naevus - Surgery: This abnormal growth consists of enlarged and greatly dilated capillaries. When near the surface, they are of a dark cherry color; when more deeply seated, of a steel-blue color. They often exist from...

Enlargement Of The Lymphatic Glands - Surgery: Enlargement of the lymphatic glands of the neck and armpits is generally due to scrofula. The application of plasters, tincture of iodine, and various irritants, greatly aggravate the local inflammati...

Amputation - Surgery: Amputation is a measure sometimes necessary to preserve life from the consequences of disease or injury; but is justifiable only when it can be clearly settled beyond all reasonable doubt that recover...

Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Caries of the Bone This is an affection of the periosteum, or covering of the bone, which corresponds to an indolent or inactive ulcer of the skin. The tissues of the affected parts are tender and sw...

Inflammation of Bone - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Inflammation of bone may involve simply the periosteum, when it is known as periostitis. It occurs most often in young persons. It is accompanied by a chill, high fever, and severe pain of the ...

Excision or Resection of Bones - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Removal of the whole or of a portion of various bones is frequently required in injuries by which their integrity has been destroyed, and after disease which has resulted in death of the bone. The obj...

Anchylosis - Stiff Joint - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Stiffness of a joint may be either true or false. In the first condition, the mobility of the joint is destroyed by a bony union of the articulating bones. In false anchylosis, the stiffness is due to...

Floating Cartilage - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: This is a term applied to loose and floating bodies in the joint which are sometimes of a cartilaginous nature. The presence of these bodies is indicated by sudden loss of muscular power in the limb, ...

Hip Joint Disease - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: This is one of the most important affections of the joints, and its symptoms should be understood by all, as the disease frequently begins quite insidiously There is a difference of opinion among surg...

The Treatment of Hip Joint Disease: The proper treatment of this disease consists in removing the pressure from the affected surfaces by extension of the limb, or drawing the affected bone partly out of its socket. This may be done eith...

Caries of the Knee and Ankle Joints - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: The disease usually causes but slight symptoms for several mouths, such as jerking of tin leg, limping, pain after exercise or on pressure, more or less swelling. These symptoms gradually increase, th...

Angular Curvature of the Spine - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: This is the result of caries of the anterior portion of the body of the vertebrae, which allows the vertebrae to come nearer together in front, thus prying the spinal processes apart and producing an ...

The Treatment of Angular Curvature of the Spine: The proper treatment of this affection consists in restoring the spine as nearly as possible to its natural condition, and giving it absolute rest in that position. This may be most easily accomplishe...

Lateral Curvature of the Spine - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Lateral Curvature of the Spine, as illustrated in Fig. 400, is very much more common than angular curvature of the spine. It occurs most often in girls between the ages of twelve and sixteen. Among th...

Hysterical Joints - Diseases Of The Bones And Joints: Cases of hysteria are occasionally met with in which the principal symptoms arc found in the joints, the hip being most likely to be affected. The patient complains of great pain, tenderness and stiff...

Ganglion - Weeping Sinew: This is an enlargement upon the sheath of a tendon, containing serum or synovia, most frequently found upon the back or the front of the wrist, or upon the top of the foot. An enlargement of this sort...

House Maid's Knee: This is a difficulty similar to weeping sinew, consisting of an enlargement of the bursa or sac found between the knee-cap and the skin covering it. Fig. 403. It derives its name from the fact that it...

Inflammation of Tendons: Tendons and their sheaths often Income inflamed in consequence of sprains and other injuries. In addition to the local pain, the patient suffers with fever, which is introduced by a chill. When the c...

Contraction of Tendons, Muscles, etc: A muscle always contracts during inflammation, and hence in inflammation of the muscles, care should be taken to keep the inflamed muscle extended, and thus prevent contraction. The contraction of ten...

Diseases Of The Hands And Feet: A large share of the diseases of these organs result from neglect or abuse. The hands are frequently injured by the use of irritating substances and by exposure to cold while wet or moist. The feet ge...

Run around - Onychia: This is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail, which results in ulceration of the soft tissues about the nail. It sometimes results from injury. It is more often due to an unhealthy state of the s...

Felon or Whitlow: The most common seat of this affection is the palmar surface or ends of the fingers. The difficulty generally results from some injury. The symptoms are: throbbing pain, with tenderness, and hard swel...

Warts: Warts are due to excessive growth of the papillae of the skin. They occur most frequently upon the hands of young persons. They are occasionally seen upon the face. The idea that warts are contagious ...

Corns: A corn is a callus produced upon the toes by pressure, or friction. Although there are many different varieties of corns, they are generally classified as soft and hard. Soft corns are generally situa...

Bunions: A bunion is an enlargement of a bursa of the foot. It is similar to the affection elsewhere described as a house-maid's knee, the principal difference being that in this case the bursa beneath the gre...

Cracks or Fissures Between the Toes: These are sometimes very annoying. They generally arise from neglect to cleanse the feet thoroughly, allowing accumulation of acrid perspiration. They heal readily if the feet are kept properly cleans...

Ingrowing Toe Nails: This difficulty generally affects the outer side of the great toe. It is generally produced by wearing narrow-toed shoes or boots, and trimming the nails too closely at the corners. In consequence of ...

Deformities Of The Hands And Feet: Deformities of the hands and feet, are both natural and acquired. In Figs. 408 to 418 are illustrated a number of different forms of deformity, some of which represent hands and feet with a superfluou...

Club Foot - Deformities Of The Hands And Feet: Club-Foot is a deformity surgically known as talipes, of which there are several distinct varieties, as shown in Figs. 419 to 423. Fig. 419 represents a form of the disease known as talipes equinus. F...

Flat Foot - Deformities Of The Hands And Feet: This condition is similar to splay foot It consists in a loss of the arch of the foot Persons suffering in this way have a very low instep. The difficulty is occasioned by relaxation of the ligaments ...

Deformities of the Feet from Improperly Made Shoes: The hands do not often become deformed to any great extent, unless in consequence of some serious accident or long-continued disease, as rheumatism or paralysis. But the contrary of this is true of th...

Knock-knee or Genu-Valgum - Deformities Of The Hands And Feet: This is a condition in which the legs are bent inward so that the knees interfere with each other in walking. It occurs in consequence of weakness of the ligaments or muscles about the knee. It someti...

Diseases Of The Eye: The eye is one of the most delicate of all the organs of the body, and in consequence of improper treatment is very often the seat of serious disease. Owing to its delicate structure, and the great va...

Congestion of the Conjunctiva, or Mucous Membrane of the Eye: This is generally the result of exposing the eyes to the irritation of a strong wind, smoke, or dust. It is also occasioned by long-continued use of the eye in viewing small objects, as in reading, us...

Catarrhal Conjunctivitis - Cold in the Eye: Persons suffering with catarrh of the mucous membrane complain that the lids feel as if there were sand in the eye. They are stuck together in the morning, sometimes so firmly that they can scarcely b...

Purulent Conjunctivitis - Suppurative Inflammation of the Eye: This disease is also sometimes called contagious inflammation of the eye, as it is clearly a contagious disease. The symptoms are similar to those of the preceding disease, but are greatly intensified...

The Treatment of Purulent Conjunctivitis - Suppurative Inflammation of the Eye: The results of this disease depend chiefly upon its intensity. Bad cases are likely to result unfavorably in spite of all that can be done for them. The patient should be confined in a darkened room, ...

Inflammation of the Eyes in the Newly Born: This affection may be either catarrhal or purulent in character, and in this respect may resemble either one of the two last-mentioned diseases. It occurs within a few days, or in some cases not for s...

Sympathetic Inflammation of the Eye: In case of severe injury of an eye, especially through the lodgment of a foreign body in it, causing inflammation and destruction of the sight, there is great danger that the other eye will become aff...

Granular Lids - Trachoma: This is a condition in which the mucous membrane of the eyelids becomes rough in consequence of the formation of little round prominences, known as granulations. The lids are deep red, and generally h...

Inflammation of the Edges of the Lids: This affection is indicated by redness of the edges of the lids, and the formation of crusts about the roots of the lashes. It occurs most often in dry, hot weather, and is especially excited by dust....

Acne of the Eyelids: Acne of the Eyelids very often occurs in persons suffering with acne in other parts of the face. It of course affects the edges of the lids, being an inflammation of the sebaceous or hair follicles. T...

Blear Eyes - Diseases Of The Eye: This is a condition in which the natural luster of the eye is wanting. It is occasioned by excessive secretion of matter by the meibomian glands, which are excited to abnormal activity by irritation, ...

Stye or Hordeolum - Diseases Of The Eye: This is a small boil, which generally has its seat near the margin of the lid. In some cases, the whole eyelid becomes greatly swollen and the eyeball congested. There is generally pain, and the affec...

Pterygium - Diseases Of The Eye: This is an affection of the eye which frequently arises in consequence of chronic inflammation or congestion of the conjunctiva, although it may also originate independent of any inflammation. It cons...

Tumors of the Eyelids: Small growths sometimes appear upon the eyelids, particularly near the edge. One form, known as chalazion, is due to obstruction of the duct of a meibomian gland in consequence of inflammation, which ...

Ptosis - Inability to Open the Eye: This is an affection of the eye in which the upper lid drops down more or less, in some cases to such an extent that the patient is unable to open the eye at all In some cases, this is due to paralysi...

Inability to Close the Eye: This is a condition which is generally due to paralysis of the orbicularis palpebrarum, or circular muscle of the eye. In consequence of the wide gaping of the eyelids, the patient has a peculiar star...

Deformities of the Eyelids: Sometimes, in consequence of inflammation or injury to the eyelids, the edges may turn in or out in an unnatural degree, in consequence of which the functions of the eye may be greatly interfered with...

Wild Hairs in the Eye: This is a common term applied to a condition in which the lashes grow in an improper direction or position. In a form of the disease known as trichiasis, the lashes are not confined to the edge of the...

Spasm of the Eyelids: This is a spasmodic affection of the circular muscle of the eye which closes the lids. When severe, the eyelids are pressed so firmly together that the patient cannot open them. Indeed, in some cases ...

Nictitation or Twitching of the Eyelids: This is a convulsive twitching of the eyelids which may be either very slight or severe. The twitchings sometimes follow each other very rapidly. This affection most often occurs in persons of a nervo...

Epiphora - Watery or Weeping Eye: This is a condition in which the tears are secreted more rapidly than they can be carried away from the eye by the nasal duct, and hence, are allowed to flow over the lids and down the cheek. It may r...

Cross Eye - Wall Eye - Squint - Strabismus: The term cross-eye, or squint, is applied to a condition in which one eye is drawn in toward the nose. When the eye is turned toward the outer comer, the condition is one known as wall-eye. Inward, or...

Oscillation of the Eyes - Nystagmus: This affection consists of a peculiar restless movement, or oscillation of the eyeballs. The movement is generally from side to side, but is sometimes rotary. Patients suffering this way are often obl...

Inflammation of the Cornea - Pannus: This disease is indicated by a congested condition of the cornea, the blood-vessels being visible, great sensitiveness to light, severe pain, and weeping of the eye. Pannus may be occasioned by the ir...

Ulcers of the Cornea: Ulcers of the cornea may generally be seen as little white spots near its margin. There is generally great sensitiveness to light, and severe pain, with congestion of the eye. This is a very serious a...

Opacities of the Cornea: In addition to opacities, or spots produced by ulcers, the cornea sometimes becomes partially opaque in consequence of inflammation, or pannus. There are also various other forms of opacities. The...

Arcus Senilis: This is the term applied to an affection of the cornea which manifests itself as a silvery rim near the edge of the cornea but separated from the edge by a ring of transparent tissue. It is due to fat...

Inflammation of the Iris - Iritis: This affection is characterized by pain in the eye so severe as to prevent sleep. The pain also extends to the brow and the temples, in consequence of which it is often mistaken for neuralgia. The eye...

The Treatment of Inflammation of the Iris - Iritis: The great danger of this disease is that the pupil will become permanently contracted, through adhesion to the cornea or to the crystalline lens. The best means of preventing this is dilatation with a...

Dilated Pupils - Mydriasis: Unnatural dilatation of the pupils is produced by belladonna or atropia, hyoscyamus, stramonium, and other drugs. It may also result from paralysis of one of the nerves of the eye. It is frequently th...

Contraction of the Pupil - Myosis: This condition of the pupil is produced artificially by poisoning with opium or with calabar bean. The pupil is sometimes contracted to the size of a pin-head, or even less. This condition may also ar...

Cataract: This is a disease of the crystalline lens in which it loses its transparency, becoming opaque, so that the entrance of light to the eye is obstructed. When the disease is fully developed, the patient ...

Diseases of the Choroid, or Color Coat of the Eye: The choroid membrane is a continuation of the iris, and is the colored membrane which lines the back part of the eyeball. It can be recognized only by means of the ophthalmoscope Figs. 448 and 449. ...

Diseases of the Retina: Among the most common causes are the use of tobacco or alcohol, overuse, bad light, injury to the eye, and disease of the kidneys. These are among the most serious of eye disorders, being in many inst...

Glaucoma: This is a very serious disease of the eye, the nature of which is not thoroughly well understood. The eyeball becomes very hard in consequence of an increase of its fluid contents, the result of which...

Specks before the Eye - Muscae Volitantes: Many persons are constantly annoyed by various floating objects before the eyes, sometimes described as specks, and again as cobwebs, circles, strings of beads, etc. Sometimes opaque spots of consider...

Amaurosis: This malady has been described as a disease in which the patient sees nothing and the physician sees nothing. This remark was made before the discovery of the ophthalmoscope, and when the term was app...

Pain in the Eye: Simple pain in the eyeball is generally the result of excessive use of the eyes. It is also caused in cases in which persons who require the use of glasses neglect to use them. It need not be regarded...

Blurred Sight - Weak Vision: This is not a serious symptom when the acuteness of vision is not diminished; that is, if a person can read fine print with ease for a short time, even though the letters soon run together, the diffic...

Loss of Sight: In many instances, loss of distinct vision is so gradual that patients are scarcely aware of the fact until their sight has become very extensively impaired. This is especially the case when only one ...

Old Sight - Presbyopia: In old age the power of accommodation of the eye is diminished. The ciliary muscle becomes weakened, so that it loses its ability to increase the thickness of the crystalline lens by compression. The ...

Long Sight - Hyperopia: This is a condition in which the eyeball is too short, as shown in Fig. 451. Persons whose eyes are in this condition usually suffer with great fatigue after a long use of the eye, generally with slig...

Short Sight - Myopia: In this disease, the condition of the eyeball is the opposite of that in long-sight; that is, the eyeball is too long. Fig. 452. The tendency to short-sight in some cases exists at birth. In a great m...

Astigmatism: This is a condition of the eye in which the curve of the cornea is not symmetrical, or uniform. The consequences of this condition are much more serious than those resulting from long or short-sighted...

Choosing Proper Eye Glasses: Proper glasses should be selected and carefully fitted to the eyes whenever they are affected by old-sight, long-sight, short-sight, or astigmatism. A competent physician or an oculist should be consu...

Color Blindness: This is an affection known as Daltonism, from the man who first described it, and is more common than is generally supposed. Persons suffering with this difficulty are unable to distinguish red, green...

Diseases Of The Ear - Discharge from the Ear: When a discharge from the ear is not accompanied by any marked interference with hearing, it is probably the result of an abscess in the auditory canal. When preceded by severe earache, and accompanie...

Abscesses in the Auditory Canal - Diseases Of The Ear: Small boils, or furuncles, sometimes form in the walls of the auditory canal, giving rise to impairment of hearing. They seldom occasion roaring in the ears, which is a symptom met with in nearly all ...

Earache - Diseases Of The Ear: This is by no means so trivial an affection as is generally supposed. Pain accompanied by roaring or ringing sounds and a sense of fullness, is generally due to inflammation of the middle ear, which m...

Hardened Ear Wax: Hardening of the cerumen, or ear-wax, is a not very infrequent cause of deafness, and is by no means so harmless a condition as is generally supposed. In many cases the hardening is not the primary di...

Ringing in the Ears - Tinnitus Aurium: Under this head is included all cases in which there are unnatural sounds in the ear The description of these sounds given by different patients is exceedingly varied. Some complain of sounds resembli...

Parasitic Inflammation of the Auditory Canal: The external end of the canal is sometimes subject to inflammation in consequence of the growth of vegetable parasites of the nature of mold. The most common is some variety of the aspergillius The pr...

Acute Catarrh of the Ear - Diseases Of The Ear: This is an inflammation of the middle ear. It is the principal cause of earache. It occurs at all periods of life, but is especially common in young persons. The most frequent cause is taking cold in ...

Chronic Catarrh of the Middle Ear - Diseases Of The Ear: This is a very serious affection of the ear, and one to which about one-half of all cases of deafness are due. The disease is generally accompanied by slight pain, heat, and uneasiness about the ear. ...

Chronic Catarrh of the Middle Ear - Diseases Of The Ear. Continued: The Treatment of Chronic Catarrh of the Middle Ear Unfortunately, in the majority of cases of chronic catarrh of the middle ear, little can be done to improve the hearing of the patient. About the be...

Nervous Deafness - Diseases Of The Ear: This is one of the most hopeless of all diseases of the ear. It is by no means so common, however, as formerly supposed, before diseases of the ear were as well understood as at present. Formerly, all...

Rupture or Perforation of the Membrane of the Ear: Rupture or Perforation of the Membrane of the Ear may result from exposure of the ear to loud sounds, as the firing of a cannon, or a violent explosion of any kind, or perforation may occur by punctur...

Ear Trumpets: Quite a variety of instruments have been invented for the purpose of intensifying sound for the benefit of tlmse who are hard of hearing, in cases in which the middle ear is the seat of the disease, t...

Deafness - Mutism: Persons who are deaf and dumb are generally unable to speak in consequence of being unable to hear, which prevents their learning the significance of vocal sounds, although the vocal apparatus may be ...

Types of Human Tumors: Of the great variety of tumors to which the human body is subject, the great majority are of a benign character, although the great number of cancer doctors, with whom the country is infested, and who...

Cancer: This formidable malady, though at first of a local character, sooner or later involves the whole system through absorption of what is known as the cancer juice, or the broken down elements of the grow...

Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations - Ligation of Blood Vessels: This is an operation which is generally performed by the surgeon, but which almost any person may be called upon to perform in an emergency. The operation consists in seizing the end of the bleeding v...

Hare Lip - Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations: This deformity results from failure of the bones of the two sides of the face to unite in the process of development. When the difficulty occurs upon one side alone, the patient has single hare-lip. W...

Cleft Palate - Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations: This difficulty may exist either alone or in connection with hare-lip, being also the result of defective development. The cleft may involve simply the uvula, or hanging part of the soft palate, or ma...

Polypus of the Nose - Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations: There are two kinds of polypi found in the nasal cavity, mucous, and fibrous. The mucous polypus is by fur the most common It has a soft consistency, is of a pale yellowish gray, or slightly greenish ...

Alveolar Abscess - Ulcerated Teeth - Gum-boil: This consists in the formation of an abscess at the root of a tooth. It is generally the result of decomposition of a dead nerve or of the pulp of a tooth. The first symptoms felt are soreness of the ...

Salivary Calculus - Tartar: This is an incrustation which is formed upon the teeth, chiefly on the inner portions, through decomposition of the saliva. It varies in color from whitish yellow to a dark brown, and even green. When...

Decay of the Teeth: Decay, or caries of the teeth, is an exceedingly common affection. It is generally produced by decomposition of portions of food left between the teeth, which undergo decomposition, developing lactic ...

Goiter or Bronchocele - Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations: This disease consists in an enlargement of the thyroid gland. When of recent standing, it can generally be cured by improvement of the general health, hot and cold applications to the throat daily, th...

Hernia - Miscellaneous Surgical Diseases And Operations: This accident consists in protrusion of some portion of the contents of the abdomen through an opening in its wall. There are several varieties, the chief of which are umbilical, inguinal and femoral....

Piles or Hemorrhoids: These are small tumors which form just within or just external to the anus, from dilatation of the veins of the part. When within the anus, they are known as internal hemorrhoids, which, from their te...

Fissure of the Anus: This is an exceedingly painful affection of the anus, consisting of a small, irritable ulcer just within the opening of the anus, which is commonly the result of rupture of the membrane of the part fr...

Itching of the Anus: This affection is sometimes so inveterate as to make life almost intolerable. Among its chief causes are dissipation, the use of tea, coffee, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, sedentary habits, piles, worms,...

Abscess Near the Anus: This form of abscess is not uncommon. High living, irregular and sedentary habits, straining at stool, and general derangement of the health are all causes which may result in abscess near the rectum....

Fistula in Ano: This very troublesome affection usually results from the preceding. It rarely recovers of itself. There is no danger in curing the affection, even when it is of long standing, as a suppression of the ...

Prolapsus of the Rectum - Falling of the Bowel: This is a condition in which the mucous membrane of the rectum or the whole bowel is pressed out by means of straining at stool. It occurs most often in children and in persons suffering with hemorrho...

Polypus of the Rectum: The rectum is sometimes the seat of growths of a character similar to those which are found in the nose, as before described. We had a case a few years ago in which we found more than two hundred of d...

Use of the Catheter: The passage of the catheter is in some cases one of the most delicate operations in surgery, but when a gum elas tic instrument is used, and the instrument is allowed to follow the course of the canal...

Stricture of the Urethra: This is a condition in which the urethra is contracted in some part of its length. Stricture is most often the result of inflammation. Its presence is indicated by difficulty in passing urine or abil...

Varicocele: This morbid condition consists in a varicose state of the spermatic veins. It is almost always found upon the left side, owing to an anatomical peculiarity of the spermatic vein of that side. It has b...

Hydrocele: This is a dropsy of the testicle. The spermatic cord may also be affected. The tumor usually has a translucent appearance when viewed with a strong light behind it. It differs from hernia in that it c...

Glossary For The Home Handbook of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine: Abnormal, unnatural, unhealthy. Accoucher, obstetrician. Amblyopia, degeneration of the optic nerve. Amaeboid, like an amaeba. Amorphous, of irregular form. Anomalous, contrary to a general rule....

Headaches Begone! A Systemic Approach To Healing Your Headaches

Don't Let Your Bike Seat Ruin Your Sex Life Book

The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine. Volume 2. | by J. H. Kellogg, M.D.

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